Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Đánh giá bằng chứng cho thấy thuốc trừ sâu phosphor hữu cơ chlorpyrifos là một chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ bền vững (POP) hoặc chất bền, có khả năng tích tụ sinh học và độc hại (PBT)
Tóm tắt
Một số hóa chất, bao gồm một số thuốc trừ sâu organochlorine, đã được xác định là các chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ bền vững (POPs). Ở đây, các đặc tính của chlorpyrifos (CPY; CAS No. 2921-88-2) và chuyển hóa tích cực của nó, chlorpyrifos oxon (CPYO; CAS No. 5598-15-2), được đánh giá theo các tiêu chí phân loại hợp chất là chất bền, có khả năng tích tụ sinh học và độc hại (PBT). Việc sản xuất và sử dụng POPs được quản lý ở cấp độ toàn cầu theo Công ước Stockholm (SC) và Nghị định thư POP của UN-ECE. Các đặc tính dẫn đến việc một hóa chất bị phân loại là POP, cùng với việc vận chuyển xa (LRT), thường khác nhau giữa các khu vực pháp lý. Dưới SC, các POP được xác định bởi sự kết hợp giữa các đặc tính khối lượng (cường độ), bao gồm tính bền vững và quá trình sinh học tăng cường, và một thuộc tính rộng rãi, nguy cơ. Mặc dù CPY được biết đến là nguy hiểm về bản chất, điều quan trọng là tiềm năng tổng hợp cho sự tiếp xúc trong các ma trận môi trường khác nhau. Thay vì phân loại hóa chất là PBT chỉ dựa trên một vài tiêu chí số học đơn giản, người ta gợi ý rằng nên áp dụng một phương pháp tổng hợp bằng chứng (WoE), cũng có thể xem xét các đặc tính độc đáo của chất đó. Mặc dù CPY và các sản phẩm chuyển hóa của nó hiện không được đánh giá là POP theo SC, CPY được sử dụng rộng rãi trên toàn cầu và một số người đã gợi ý rằng các đặc tính của nó nên được đánh giá trong bối cảnh SC, đặc biệt là ở những vị trí xa nơi áp dụng. Tại châu Âu, tất cả các thuốc trừ sâu đang được đánh giá về các thuộc tính góp phần vào tính bền vững, khả năng tích tụ sinh học và độc tính dưới sự bảo trợ của Quy định EC số 1107/2009: 'Về việc Đưa sản phẩm bảo vệ thực vật ra thị trường.' Các thuộc tính góp phần vào P, LRT, B và T của CPY đã được xem xét, và một phương pháp WoE, bao gồm đánh giá sức mạnh của bằng chứng và sự liên quan của dữ liệu đến phân loại CPY và CPYO là POPs hoặc PBTs, đã được áp dụng. Mặc dù độc hại theo hệ thống phân loại đơn giản được sử dụng trong Quy định EC số 1107/2009, dựa trên các thuộc tính cường độ và kết quả của giám sát và mô hình mô phỏng, đã kết luận rằng không có lý do nào để phân loại CPY hoặc chuyển hóa của nó, CPYO, là POP hoặc PBT.
Từ khóa
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