Ethanol metabolism in the brain

Addiction Biology - Tập 2 Số 4 - Trang 387-400 - 1997
С. М. Зиматкин1, Richard A. Deitrich2
1Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, Belarus;
2Alcohol Research Center, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Acetaldehyde is suspected of being involved in the central mechanism of central nervous system depression and addiction to ethanol, but in contrast to ethanol, it can not penetrate easily from blood into the brain because of metabolic barriers. Therefore, the possibility of ethanol metabolism and acetaldehyde formation inside the brain has been one of the crucial questions in biomedical research of alcoholism. This article reviews the recent progress in this area and summarizes the evidence on the first stage of ethanol oxidation in the brain and the specific enzyme systems involved. The brain alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing systems, including cytochrome P450 II E1 and catalase are considered. Their physicochemical properties, the isoform composition, substrate specificity, the regional and subcellular distribution in CNS structures, their contribution to brain ethanol metabolism, induction under ethanol administration and the role in the neurochemical mechanisms of psychopharmacological and neurotoxic effects of ethanol are discussed. In addition, the nonoxidative pathway of ethanol metabolism with the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters and phosphatidylethanol in the brain is described.

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Addiction Biology

Tập 2 Số 4

387-400

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