Estrogen Degraders and Estrogen Degradation Pathway Identified in an Activated Sludge

Applied and Environmental Microbiology - Tập 84 Số 10 - 2018
Yi‐Lung Chen1, Han‐Yi Fu1, Tzong‐Huei Lee2, Chao-Jen Shih3, Lina Huang3, Yusheng Wang1, Wael Ismail4, Yin‐Ru Chiang1
1Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
2Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
3Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
4Environmental Biotechnology Program, Life Sciences Department, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACTThe environmental release and fate of estrogens are becoming an increasing public concern. Bacterial degradation has been considered the main process for eliminating estrogens from wastewater treatment plants. Various bacterial isolates are reportedly capable of aerobic estrogen degradation, and several estrogen degradation pathways have been proposed in proteobacteria and actinobacteria. However, the ecophysiological relevance of estrogen-degrading bacteria in the environment is unclear. In this study, we investigated the estrogen degradation pathway and corresponding degraders in activated sludge collected from the Dihua Sewage Treatment Plant, Taipei, Taiwan. Cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods were used to assess estrogen biodegradation in the collected activated sludge. Estrogen metabolite profile analysis revealed the production of pyridinestrone acid and two A/B-ring cleavage products in activated sludge incubated with estrone (1 mM), which are characteristic of the 4,5-secopathway. PCR-based functional assays detected sequences closely related to alphaproteobacterialoecC, a key gene of the 4,5-secopathway. Metagenomic analysis suggested thatNovosphingobiumspp. are major estrogen degraders in estrone-amended activated sludge.Novosphingobiumsp. strain SLCC, an estrone-degrading alphaproteobacterium, was isolated from the examined activated sludge. The general physiology and metabolism of this strain were characterized. Pyridinestrone acid and the A/B-ring cleavage products were detected in estrone-grown strain SLCC cultures. The production of pyridinestrone acid was also observed during the aerobic incubation of strain SLCC with 3.7 nM (1 μg/liter) estrone. This concentration is close to that detected in many natural and engineered aquatic ecosystems. The presented data suggest the ecophysiological relevance ofNovosphingobiumspp. in activated sludge.IMPORTANCEEstrogens, which persistently contaminate surface water worldwide, have been classified as endocrine disruptors and human carcinogens. We contribute new knowledge on the major estrogen biodegradation pathway and estrogen degraders in wastewater treatment plants. This study considerably advances the understanding of environmental estrogen biodegradation, which is instrumental for the efficient elimination of these hazardous pollutants. Moreover, this study substantially improves the understanding of microbial estrogen degradation in the environment.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Tập 84 Số 10

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