Estrogen, Angiogenesis, Immunity and Cell Metabolism: Solving the Puzzle

International Journal of Molecular Sciences - Tập 19 Số 3 - Trang 859
Annalisa Trenti1, Serena Tedesco2, Carlotta Boscaro1, Lucia Trevisi1, Chiara Bolego1, Andrea Cignarella3
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
2Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy
3Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy

Tóm tắt

Estrogen plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and the immune system by inducing direct effects on multiple cell types including immune and vascular cells. Sex steroid hormones are implicated in cardiovascular protection, including endothelial healing in case of arterial injury and collateral vessel formation in ischemic tissue. Estrogen can exert potent modulation effects at all levels of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Their action is mediated by interaction with classical estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, as well as the more recently identified G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), via both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. Emerging data from the literature suggest that estrogen deficiency in menopause is associated with an increased potential for an unresolved inflammatory status. In this review, we provide an overview through the puzzle pieces of how 17β-estradiol can influence the cardiovascular and immune systems.

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