Estimating the annual fraction of eggs contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis in the United States

International Journal of Food Microbiology - Tập 61 - Trang 51-62 - 2000
Eric Ebel1, Wayne Schlosser1
1USDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, DC, USA

Tài liệu tham khảo

Bumstead, 1993, Resistance to Salmonella gallinarum, S. pullorum, and S. enteritidis in inbred lines of chickens, Avian Dis., 37, 638, 10.2307/1591473 Cassin, 1998, Quantitative risk assessment for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef hamburgers, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 41, 21, 10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00028-2 Ebel, 1999, Prevalence of Salmonella enterica Serovar enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid eggs and aged laying hens at slaughter: Implications on epidemiology and control of the disease Ebel, 1992, Occurrence of Salmonella enteritidis in the US commercial egg industry: a report on a national spent hen survey, Avian Dis., 36, 646, 10.2307/1591760 Gast, 1990, Isolation of Salmonella enteritidis from internal organs of experimentally infected hens, Avian Dis., 34, 991, 10.2307/1591394 Gast, 1992, Evaluation of a chick mortality model for predicting the consequences of Salmonella enteritidis infections in laying hens, Poultry Sci., 71, 281, 10.3382/ps.0710281 Gast, 1995, The comparative virulence for chicks of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates and isolates of phage types commonly found in poultry in the United States, Avian Dis., 39, 567, 10.2307/1591810 Gast, 1996, Intestinal colonization and organ invasion in chicks experimentally infected with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 and other phage types isolated from poultry in the United States, Avian Dis., 40, 853, 10.2307/1592309 Guard-Petter, 1993, Detection of two smooth colony phenotypes in a Salmonella enteritidis isolate which vary in their ability to contaminate eggs, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59, 2884, 10.1128/AEM.59.9.2884-2890.1993 Guard-Petter, 1995, Characterization of lipopolysaccharide heterogeneity in Salmonella enteritidis by an improved gel electrophoresis method, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 51, 2845, 10.1128/AEM.61.8.2845-2851.1995 Guard-Petter, 1996, A novel relationship between O-antigen variation, matrix formation, and invasiveness of Salmonella enteritidis, Epidemiol. Infect., 117, 219, 10.1017/S0950268800001394 Guard-Petter, 1997, Induction of flagellation and a novel agar-penetrating flagellar structure in Salmonella enterica grown on solid media: Possible consequences for serological identification, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 149, 173, 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10325.x Guard-Petter, 1997, On-farm monitoring of mouse-invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and a model for its association with the production of contaminated eggs, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1588, 10.1128/AEM.63.4.1588-1593.1997 Henzler, 1998, Management and environmental risk factors for Salmonella enteritidis contamination of eggs, Am. J. Vet. Res., 59, 824 Hogg, 1988 Hogue, 1997, Surveys of Salmonella enteritidis in unpasteurized liquid egg and spent hens at slaughter, J. Food Prot., 60, 1194, 10.4315/0362-028X-60.10.1194 Holt, 1992, Effect of induced molting on the course of infection and transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in white leghorn hens of different ages, Poultry Sci., 71, 1842, 10.3382/ps.0711842 Holt, 1993, Effect of induced molting on the recurrence of a previous Salmonella enteritidis infection, Poultry Sci., 72, 2069, 10.3382/ps.0722069 Holt, 1994, Effect of two different molting procedures on a Salmonella enteritidis infection, Poultry Sci., 73, 1267, 10.3382/ps.0731267 Holt, 1995, Horizontal transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in molted and unmolted laying chickens, Avian Dis., 39, 239, 10.2307/1591865 Kingston, 1981, A comparison of culturing drag swabs and litter for identification of infections with Salmonella spp. in commercial chicken flocks, Avian Dis., 25, 513, 10.2307/1589943 Lindell, 1994, Evaluation of resistance of four strains of commercial laying hens to experimental infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type eight, Poultry Sci., 73, 757, 10.3382/ps.0730757 Manning, 1994, Effect of selected antibiotics and anticoccidials on Salmonella enteritidis cecal colonization and organ invasion in leghorn chicks, Avian Dis., 38, 256, 10.2307/1591946 Martin, 1987 Phillips, 1995, Pathogenicity and persistence of Salmonella enteritidis and egg contamination in normal and infectious Bursal Disease Virus-infected leghorn chicks, Avian Dis., 39, 778, 10.2307/1592414 Qin, 1995, Eimeria tenella infection induces recrudescence of previous Salmonella enteritidis infection in chickens, Poultry Sci., 74, 1786, 10.3382/ps.0741786 Schlosser, 1999, The Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis pilot project Schlosser, 1995 Tellez, 1994, Effect of dietary lactose on cecal morphology, pH, organic acids, and Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in Leghorn chicks, Poultry Sci., 73, 636 Thiagarajun, 1994, A mechanism of transovarian transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in laying hens, Poultry Sci., 73, 89, 10.3382/ps.0730089 USDA-FSIS, 1998. Salmonella Enteritidis Risk Assessment — Shell Eggs and Egg Products. US Government Printing, Washington, DC. USDA-NASS, 1997. Layers and egg production — Annual Summary. US Government Printing, Washington, DC. Vose, 1996 Winkler, 1972