Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria

medizinische genetik - Tập 31 - Trang 397-409 - 2019
Cristina Has1, Judith Fischer2
1Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Deutschland
2Institut für Humangenetik, Zentrum für Diagnostik und Forschung Genodermatosen ZDFG, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Deutschland

Tóm tắt

Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria (EB) umfasst eine Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die mit Hautfragilität und mechanisch verursachter Blasenbildung einhergehen. Die klinischen Manifestationen zeigen unterschiedliche Schweregrade, von lebensbedrohlich bis leicht. Im Kindesalter und bei Erwachsenen kann das klinische Bild typisch sein; allerdings kann bei Neugeborenen der EB-Subtyp klinisch häufig nicht bestimmt werden. Pathogene Varianten in 20 Genen sind bereits als krankheitsursächlich für die verschiedenen Formen der EB beschrieben. Die allelische Heterogenität ist sehr groß. Die Diagnostik basiert auf der genauen klinischen Untersuchung, der Familienanamnese und der molekulargenetischen Analyse. Aufgrund der genetischen Heterogenität und der Größe der Gene eignet sich die „Next-generation-sequencing“-basierte Multi-Gen-Panel-Diagnostik am besten. Teilweise sind Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelationen bekannt, sodass die genetische Diagnostik auch prognostisch eine Rolle spielt.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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