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Tiêu chuẩn chất lượng môi trường dành cho diclofenac được xác định theo Chỉ thị Khung Nước Châu Âu: 1. Sinh vật thủy sinh
Tóm tắt
Diclofenac là một loại thuốc chống viêm không steroid được sử dụng rộng rãi trong y tế nhân loại và thú y, thường bị phát hiện trong các nguồn nước mặt ở châu Âu, đặc biệt là ở phía hạ lưu của các nhà máy xử lý nước thải (WWTPs). Việc sử dụng diclofenac trong thú y ở châu Âu đã bị hạn chế đáng kể, do đó nước thải trở thành con đường phơi nhiễm chính cho động vật hoang dã. Các Tiêu chuẩn Chất lượng Môi trường (EQS) được đề xuất, bao gồm việc đánh giá độc tính đối với các sinh vật thủy sinh, đang được xem xét bởi Ủy ban châu Âu (EC) nhằm ủng hộ các mục tiêu của Chỉ thị Khung Nước (WFD). Cách tiếp cận của EC ủng hộ việc sử dụng phương pháp quyết định (giá trị thử nghiệm đơn lẻ và yếu tố đánh giá) để xác lập EQS độc tính trực tiếp cho diclofenac, dẫn đến EQS là 0,040 µg L−1 dựa trên một nghiên cứu mesocosm đơn lẻ. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi thảo luận về các vấn đề tiềm ẩn với cách tiếp cận này liên quan đến hướng dẫn của chính EC về xác định EQS và xây dựng EQS thay thế dựa trên bằng chứng là 0,126 µg L−1 bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp xác suất (phân phối độ nhạy loài) với tất cả các dữ liệu đáng tin cậy và liên quan và phù hợp với hướng dẫn. Dữ liệu giám sát nước ngọt trên toàn châu Âu cho diclofenac được sử dụng trong một đánh giá tuân thủ chỉ định sử dụng EQS của EC và EQS thay thế dựa trên bằng chứng. Các tác động của việc chỉ sử dụng một số dữ liệu để xác định một EQS không tuân thủ theo hướng dẫn, so với một phương pháp tuân thủ hướng dẫn sử dụng tất cả dữ liệu có sẵn cũng được thảo luận.
Từ khóa
#diclofenac #tiêu chuẩn chất lượng môi trường #sinh vật thủy sinh #độc tính #chỉ thị khung nước #Ủy ban châu ÂuTài liệu tham khảo
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