Các tế bào không nhân tiết lộ vai trò khác biệt của nhân trong di chuyển tế bào, cực hóa và truyền động cơ học

Journal of Cell Biology - Tập 217 Số 3 - Trang 895-914 - 2018
David M. Graham1,2, Tomas Andersen3, Lisa Sharek1, Gunes Uzer4,5, Katheryn E. Rothenberg6, Brenton D. Hoffman6, Janet Rubin5, Martial Balland3, James E. Bear1,2, Keith Burridge1,7,2
1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 1
2UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 2
3Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France 5
4Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 6
5Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 4
6Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 7
7McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 3

Tóm tắt

Nhân tế bào từ lâu được giả định đóng một vai trò vật lý quan trọng trong quá trình cực hóa và di chuyển của tế bào, nhưng vai trò đó chưa được định nghĩa hoặc kiểm tra một cách nghiêm ngặt. Ở đây, chúng tôi đã loại bỏ nhân tế bào để kiểm tra tính cần thiết về mặt vật lý của nhân trong quá trình cực hóa tế bào và di chuyển có hướng. Sử dụng các tế bào động vật có vú không nhân (tế bào bào chất), chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng việc thiết lập cực và di chuyển tế bào trong một chiều (1D) và hai chiều (2D) xảy ra mà không cần đến nhân. Các tế bào bào chất di chuyển theo hướng về phía các tín hiệu ngoại bào hòa tan (hóa hướng) và bám bề mặt (haptotaxis) và di chuyển tập thể trong các thử nghiệm trầy xước. Nhất quán với các nghiên cứu trước đây, di chuyển trong môi trường 3D phụ thuộc vào nhân. Một phần, điều này có thể phản ánh lực tác động giảm của tế bào bào chất lên các bề mặt đàn hồi về mặt cơ học. Phản ứng này cũng được mô phỏng ở các tế bào có khiếm khuyết trong nhân-cytoskeleton và khi ức chế khả năng co bóp dựa trên actomyosin. Tóm lại, các quan sát của chúng tôi cho thấy rằng nhân là không cần thiết cho quá trình cực hóa và di chuyển trong 1D và 2D nhưng rất quan trọng cho các phản ứng cơ học của tế bào.

Từ khóa


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