Những vai trò mới nổi của tình trạng suy yếu và viêm mãn tính trong đánh giá rủi ro của các bệnh mãn tính liên quan đến tuổi tác ở người cao tuổi: giao điểm giữa sinh học lão hóa và y học cá thể hóa

Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Population Division), United Nations. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision. http://esa.un.org/wpp/. Accessed 1 Oct, 2014. Harper S. Economic and social implications of aging societies. Science 2014; 346: 587–91. Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013; 153: 1194–217. Vaupel JW, Carey JR, Christensen K, Johnson TE, Yashin AI, Holm NV, et al. Biodemographic trajectories of longevity. Science 1998; 280: 855–60. Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Flaxman A, et al. The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation 2014; 129: 1493–501. Puts MT, Deeg DJ, Hoeymans N, Nusselder WJ, Schellevis FG. Changes in the prevalence of chronic disease and the association with disability in the older Dutch population between 1987 and 2001. Age Ageing 2008; 37: 187–93. Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2012; 380: 37–43. Wu SY, Green A. Projections of Chronic Illness Prevalence and Cost Inflation. Washington, DC: RAND Health; 2000. Wolff JL, Starfield B, Anderson G. Prevalence, expenditures, and complications of multiple chronic conditions in the elderly. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2269–76. Salisbury C, Johnson L, Purdy S, Valderas JM, Montgomery AA. Epidemiology and impact of multimorbidity in primary care: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract 2011; 61: e12–21. Marengoni A, Angleman S, Melis R, Mangialasche F, Karp A, Garmen A, et al. Aging with multimorbidity: a systematic review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10: 430–39. Wang TJ, Massaro JM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, et al. A risk score for predicting stroke or death in individuals with new-onset atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. JAMA 2003; 290: 1049–56. Tinetti ME, Bogardus ST, Jr., Agostini JV. Potential pitfalls of disease-specific guidelines for patients with multiple conditions. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 2870–74. Hurria A, Naylor M, Cohen HJ. Improving the quality of cancer care in an aging population: recommendations from an IOM report. JAMA 2013; 310: 1795–96. Institute of Medicine (IOM). Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a Systemin Crisis. 2013; http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2013/Delivering-High-Quality-Cancer-Care-Charting-a-New-Course-for-a-System-in-Crisis.aspx. Accessed 1 Oct, 2014. Walter LC, Covinsky KE. Cancer screening in elderly patients: a framework for individualized decision making. JAMA 2001; 285: 2750–56. Hamburg MA, Collins FS. The path to personalized medicine. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 301–4. Ginsburg GS, Willard HF. Genomic and personalized medicine: foundations and applications. Transl Res 2009; 154: 277–87. Schilsky RL. Personalizing cancer care: American Society of Clinical Oncology presidential address 2009. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 3725–30. American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2014. Atlanta, GA,: American Cancer Society; 2014. Balducci L. Epidemiology of cancer and aging. J Oncol Manag 2005;14:47–50. Walko CM, McLeod HL. Personalizing Medicine in Geriatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2014. Piccirillo JF, Tierney RM, Costas I, Grove L, Spitznagel EL, Jr. Prognostic importance of comorbidity in a hospital-based cancer registry. JAMA 2004; 291: 2441–47. Seshasai SR, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, Di Angelantonio E, Gao P, Sarwar N, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of causespecific death. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 829–41. Rubin H. Promotion and selection by serum growth factors drive field cancerization, which is anticipated in vivo by type 2 diabetes and obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013; 110: 13927–931. Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Chan AT, Ng K, Chan JA, Wu K, et al. Insulin, the insulin-like growth factor axis, and mortality in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27: 176–85. Tran TT, Medline A, Bruce WR. Insulin promotion of colon tumors in rats. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996; 5: 1013–15. Asmis TR, Ding K, Seymour L, Shepherd FA, Leighl NB, Winton TL, et al. Age and comorbidity as independent prognostic factors in the treatment of non small-cell lung cancer: a review of National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group trials. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 54–9. Aparicio T, Desrame J, Lecomte T, Mitry E, Belloc J, Etienney I, et al. Oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer in the elderly. Br J Cancer 2003; 89: 1439–44. Nanda A, Chen MH, Braccioforte MH, Moran BJ, D’Amico AV. Hormonal therapy use for prostate cancer and mortality in men with coronary artery disease-induced congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction. JAMA 2009; 302: 866–73. Tonelli M, Jose P, Curhan G, Sacks F, Braunwald E, Pfeffer M. Proteinuria, impaired kidney function, and adverse outcomes in people with coronary disease: analysis of a previously conducted randomised trial. BMJ 2006; 332: 1426. Anavekar NS, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Solomon SD, Kober L, Rouleau JL, et al. Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1285–95. Jackson CE, Solomon SD, Gerstein HC, Zetterstrand S, Olofsson B, Michelson EL, et al. Albuminuria in chronic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic importance. Lancet 2009; 374: 543–50. Sarwar N, Gao P, Seshasai SR, Gobin R, Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet 2010;375:2215–22. Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res 2013; 113: 646–59. Ballard VL, Edelberg JM. Stem cells and the regeneration of the aging cardiovascular system. Circ Res 2007; 100: 1116–27. Xu J, Zou MH. Molecular insights and therapeutic targets for diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 2009; 120: 1266–86. Nolan CJ, Damm P, Prentki M. Type 2 diabetes across generations: from pathophysiology to prevention and management. Lancet 2011; 378: 169–81. Maggioni AP, Greene SJ, Fonarow GC, Bohm M, Zannad F, Solomon SD, et al. Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial. Eur Heart J 2013;34:3117–27. Farkouh ME, Domanski M, Sleeper LA, Siami FS, Dangas G, Mack M, et al. Strategies for multivessel revascularization in patients with diabetes. N Engl J Med 2012; 367: 2375–84. Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H, Curtis PS, Gomis R, Hanefeld M, et al. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 2125–35. Loscalzo J. Personalized cardiovascular medicine and drug development: time for a new paradigm. Circulation 2012; 125: 638–45. Timbie JW, Hayward RA, Vijan S. Variation in the net benefit of aggressive cardiovascular risk factor control across the US population of patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 1037–44. President’s council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Priorities for Personalized Medicine. http://www.whitehouse.gov/files/documents/ostp/PCAST/pcast_report_v2.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct, 2014. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A, Revotskie N, Stokes J, 3rd. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease-six year follow- up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1961; 55: 33–50. Brindle P, Emberson J, Lampe F, Walker M, Whincup P, Fahey T, et al. Predictive accuracy of the Framingham coronary risk score in British men: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2003; 327: 126–7. Greenland P, Knoll MD, Stamler J, Neaton JD, Dyer AR, Garside DB, et al. Major risk factors as antecedents of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease events. JAMA 2003; 290: 891–97. Cook NR, Paynter NP, Eaton CB, Manson JE, Martin LW, Robinson JG, et al. Comparison of the Framingham and Reynolds Risk scores for global cardiovascular risk prediction in the multiethnic Women’s Health Initiative. Circulation 2012; 125: 1748-1756, S1741–1711. Koller MT, Steyerberg EW, Wolbers M, Stijnen T, Bucher HC, Hunink MG, et al. Validity of the Framingham point scores in the elderly: results from the Rotterdam study. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 87–93. Willard HF, Angrist M, Ginsburg GS. Genomic medicine: genetic variation and its impact on the future of health care. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2005; 360: 1543–50. Biomarkers Definitions Working Group. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 69: 89–95. Kitsios GD, Kent DM. Personalised medicine: not just in our genes. BMJ 2012; 344: e2161. Eagle KA, Ginsburg GS, Musunuru K, Aird WC, Balaban RS, Bennett SK, et al. Identifying patients at high risk of a cardiovascular event in the near future: current status and future directions: report of a national heart, lung, and blood institute working group. Circulation 2010; 121: 1447–54. Ginsburg GS. Realizing the opportunities of genomics in health care. JAMA 2013; 309: 1463–64. Khoury MJ, Gwinn M, Yoon PW, Dowling N, Moore CA, Bradley L. The continuum of translation research in genomic medicine: how can we accelerate the appropriate integration of human genome discoveries into health care and disease prevention? Genet Med 2007; 9: 665–74. Kushner JA. The role of aging upon beta cell turnover. J Clin Invest 2013; 123: 990–95. Kovacic JC, Moreno P, Nabel EG, Hachinski V, Fuster V. Cellular senescence, vascular disease, and aging: part 2 of a 2-part review: clinical vascular disease in the elderly. Circulation 2011; 123: 1900–10. North BJ, Sinclair DA. The intersection between aging and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2012; 110: 1097–108. Hoeijmakers JH. DNA damage, aging, and cancer. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1475–85. Campisi J. Aging, cellular senescence, and cancer. Annu Rev Physiol 2013; 75: 685–705. Austad SN. Why we age. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1997. Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. The quest for a general theory of aging and longevity. Sci Aging Knowledge Environ 2003; 2003: RE5. Vijg J, Campisi J. Puzzles, promises and a cure for ageing. Nature 2008; 454: 1065–71. Walston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Newman AB, Studenski SA, et al. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006; 54: 991–1001. Fried LP, Xue QL, Cappola AR, Ferrucci L, Chaves P, Varadhan R, et al. Nonlinear multisystem physiological dysregulation associated with frailty in older women: implications for etiology and treatment. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64: 1049–57. Wu IC, Hsiung CA, Hsu CC, Lin XZ. Oxidative stress and frailty: a closer look at the origin of a human aging phenotype. In: Preedy VR, ed. Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants. London: Academic Press; 2014. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56: M146–56. Shamliyan T, Talley KM, Ramakrishnan R, Kane RL. Association of frailty with survival: a systematic literature review. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12: 719–36. Bandeen-Roche K, Xue QL, Ferrucci L, Walston J, Guralnik JM, Chaves P, et al. Phenotype of frailty: characterization in the women’s health and aging studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61: 262–66. Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Taylor BC, Fink HA, Cawthon PM, Stone KL, et al. Comparison of 2 frailty indexes for prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and death in older women. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168: 382–89. Ness KK, Krull KR, Jones KE, Mulrooney DA, Armstrong GT, Green DM, et al. Physiologic frailty as a sign of accelerated aging among adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the St Jude Lifetime cohort study. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 4496–503. Bao Y, Dalrymple L, Chertow GM, Kaysen GA, Johansen KL. Frailty, dialysis initiation, and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Arch Intern Med 2012; 172: 1071–77. Cooper R, Kuh D, Cooper C, Gale CR, Lawlor DA, Matthews F, et al. Objective measures of physical capability and subsequent health: a systematic review. Age Ageing 2011; 40: 14–23. Cummings SR, Studenski S, Ferrucci L. A Diagnosis of Dismobility- Giving Mobility Clinical Visibility: A Mobility Working Group Recommendation. JAMA 2014. Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB. Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 556–61. Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K, Rosano C, Faulkner K, Inzitari M, et al. Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA 2011; 305: 50–8. Roshanravan B, Robinson-Cohen C, Patel KV, Ayers E, Littman AJ, de Boer IH, et al. Association between physical performance and all-cause mortality in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24: 822–30. Dumurgier J, Elbaz A, Ducimetiere P, Tavernier B, Alperovitch A, Tzourio C. Slow walking speed and cardiovascular death in well functioning older adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2009; 339: b4460. Chaudhry SI, McAvay G, Chen S, Whitson H, Newman AB, Krumholz HM, et al. Risk factors for hospital admission among older persons with newly diagnosed heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 635–42. Afilalo J, Eisenberg MJ, Morin JF, Bergman H, Monette J, Noiseux N, et al. Gait speed as an incremental predictor of mortality and major morbidity in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 1668–76. McGinn AP, Kaplan RC, Verghese J, Rosenbaum DM, Psaty BM, Baird AE, et al. Walking speed and risk of incident ischemic stroke among postmenopausal women. Stroke 2008; 39: 1233–39. Strain WD, Lukashevich V, Kothny W, Hoellinger MJ, Paldanius PM. Individualised treatment targets for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes using vildagliptin add-on or lone therapy (INTERVAL): a 24 week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2013; 382: 409–16. Kirkman MS, Briscoe VJ, Clark N, Florez H, Haas LB, Halter JB, et al. Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 2650–64. Pawelec G, Goldeck D, Derhovanessian E. Inflammation, ageing and chronic disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 29: 23–8. Donath MY, Shoelson SE. Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11: 98–107. Youm YH, Grant RW, McCabe LR, Albarado DC, Nguyen KY, Ravussin A, et al. Canonical Nlrp3 inflammasome links systemic low-grade inflammation to functional decline in aging. Cell Metab 2013; 18: 519–32. Strowig T, Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Flavell R. Inflammasomes in health and disease. Nature 2012; 481: 278–86. Sarwar N, Butterworth AS, Freitag DF, Gregson J, Willeit P, Gorman DN, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies. Lancet 2012; 379: 1205–13. Maggio M, Guralnik JM, Longo DL, Ferrucci L. Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61: 575–84. Bollrath J, Greten FR. IKK/NF-kappaB and STAT3 pathways: central signalling hubs in inflammation-mediated tumour promotion and metastasis. EMBO Rep 2009; 10: 1314–19. Akbaraly TN, Hamer M, Ferrie JE, Lowe G, Batty GD, Hagger- Johnson G, et al. Chronic inflammation as a determinant of future aging phenotypes. CMAJ 2013; 185: E763–70. Newman AB, Sachs MC, Arnold AM, Fried LP, Kronmal R, Cushman M, et al. Total and cause-specific mortality in the cardiovascular health study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64: 1251–61. Jenny NS, Yanez ND, Psaty BM, Kuller LH, Hirsch CH, Tracy RP. Inflammation biomarkers and near-term death in older men. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165: 684–95. Cohen HJ, Harris T, Pieper CF. Coagulation and activation of inflammatory pathways in the development of functional decline and mortality in the elderly. Am J Med 2003; 114: 180–7. Volpato S, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Balfour J, Chaves P, Fried LP, et al. Cardiovascular disease, interleukin-6, and risk of mortality in older women: the women’s health and aging study. Circulation 2001; 103: 947–953. Gaudino M, Andreotti F, Zamparelli R, Di Castelnuovo A, Nasso G, Burzotta F, et al. The -174G/C interleukin-6 polymorphism influences postoperative interleukin-6 levels and postoperative atrial fibrillation. Is atrial fibrillation an inflammatory complication? Circulation 2003; 108 Suppl 1:II195–9. Kalogeropoulos A, Georgiopoulou V, Psaty BM, Rodondi N, Smith AL, Harrison DG, et al. Inflammatory markers and incident heart failure risk in older adults: the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 2129–37. Cesari M, Penninx BW, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Nicklas BJ, Sutton-Tyrrell K, et al. Inflammatory markers and onset of cardiovascular events: results from the Health ABC study. Circulation. 2003; 108: 2317–22. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rossouw JE, Siscovick DS, Mouton CP, Rifai N, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers, hormone replacement therapy, and incident coronary heart disease: prospective analysis from the Women’s Health Initiative observational study. JAMA 2002; 288: 980–7. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001; 286: 327–34. Hu FB, Meigs JB, Li TY, Rifai N, Manson JE. Inflammatory markers and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes 2004; 53: 693–700. Willard HF, Ginsburg GS. Genomic and personalized medicine. London: Academic Press; 2009.