Efficacy and safety of piascledine 300 versus chondroitin sulfate in a 6 months treatment plus 2 months observation in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Cohen ZA, McCarthy DM, Kwak SD, Legrand P, Fogarasi F, Ciaccio EJ, Ateshian GA (1999) Knee cartilage topography, thickness, and contact areas from MRI: in-vitro calibration and in-vivo measurements. Osteoarthr Cartil 7(1):95–109

van Valburg AA, Wenting MJ, Beekman B, Te Koppele JM, Lafeber FP, Bijlsma JW (1997) Degenerated human articular cartilage at autopsy represents preclinical osteoarthritic cartilage: comparison with clinically defined osteoarthritic cartilage. J Rheumatol 24(2):358–364

Martini FH et al (2001) Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Lequesne M, Brandt K, Bellamy N, Moskowitz R, Menkes CJ, Pclletier JP, Altman RD (1994) Guidelines for testing slow acting drugs in osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 21(suppl 41):GS-73

Dougados M, Devogelaer JP, Annefeld M, Avouac B, Bouvenot G, Cooper C, the Members of the Group for the Respect of Ethics and Excellence in Science et al (1996) Recommendations for the registration of drugs used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 55:552–557

Bellamy N, Kirwan J, Altman R, Boers M, Brandt KD, Brooks P, Dougados M, Lequesne M, Strand V, Tygwcll P (1997) Recommandations for a score set of outcome measures for future phase III clinical trials in knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis. Results of consensus development at OMERACT III. J Rheumatol 24:799804

Altman R, Brandt K, Hochberg M, Moskowitz R, Bellamy N, Bloch DA et al (1996) Design and conduct of clinical trials in patients with osteoarthritis: recommendations from a task force of the Osteoarthritis Research Society. Results of a Workshop. Osteoarthritis Cart 4:217–243

Jordan KM et al (2003) EULAR resommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 62:1145–1155

Zhang W et al (2008) OARSI Recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthr Cartil 16:137–162

Lequesne M (1994) Les anti-arthrosiques symptomatiques d'action lente: un nouveau concept therapeutique? Rev Rhum 61:75–79

Mauviel A, Daireaux M, Hartmann DJ, Galera P, Loyaux G, Pujol JP (1987) Effets des insaponifiables d'avocat et de soja (PIAS) sur la production de collagene par des cultures de synoviocytes, chondrocytes articulaires et fibroblastes dermiques. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 56:207–211

Loyau G, Pujol JP, Mauviel A (1991) Effet des insaponifiables d'avocat/soja (Piascledine) sur 1'activite collagenolytique de culture de synoviocytes rhumatoides humains et de chondrocytes articulaires de lapin traites par 1'interleukine 1. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 58:241-S

Mazieres B, Tempesta C, Tiechard M, Vaguier G (1993) Pathologic and biochemical effects of a lipidic avocado and soja extract (LASE) on an experimental post-contusive model of OA (abstract). Osteoarthr Cartil 1:46

Henrotin YE, Labasse AH, Jaspar JM, Dc Groote DD, Zheng SX, Guillou GB, Reginster JYL (1998) Effects of three avocado/soybean unsaponifiable mixtures on metalloproteinases, cytokines and prostaglandin E2 production by human articular chondrocytes. Clinical Rheum 17:31–39

Boumediene K, Bogdanowicz P, Felisaz N, Galera P, Pujol JP (1999) Avocado/soya unsaponifiables enhance expression of transforming growth factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum 39:S227

Gabay O et al (2008) Stress-induced signaling pathways in hyaline chondrocytes: inhibition by Avocado–soybean unsaponifiables (ASU). Osteoarthr Cartil 16(3):373–384

Henrotin YE et al (2003) Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables increase aggrecan synthesis and reduce catabolic and proinflammatory mediator production by human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. J Rheumatol 30(8):1825–1834

Henrotin YE et al (2006) Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables prevent the inhibitory effect of osteoarthritic subchondral osteoblasts on aggrecan and type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. J Rheumatol 33(8):1668–1678

Leeb B, Schweitzer H, Montag K, Smolen JS (2000) A metaanalysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 24:205–211

Mazieres B, Combe B, Phan-Van A, Tondut J, Grynfel M (2001) Chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, double blind, placebo controlled multicenter clinical study. J Rheumatol 28:173–181

Morreale P, Manopulo R, Galati M, Boccanera L, Saponati G, Bocchi L (1996) Comparison of the antiinflammatory efficacy of chondroitin sulfate and diclofenac sodium in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 23:1385–1391

Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, Bole G, Borenstein D, Brandt K, Christy W, Cooke TD, Greenwald R, Hochberg M, Howell D, Kaplan D, Koopman W, Longley S, Mankin H, McShane DJ, Medsger T, Meeman R, Mikkelsen W, Moskowitz R, Murphy W, Rothschild B, Segal M, Sokoloff L, Wolfe F (1986) Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 29:1039–1049

Kellgren JH, Laurence JS (1957) Radiological assessment of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 16:494–501

Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW (1988) Validation study of WOMAC: a health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 15:1833–1840

Lequesne M, Mery C, Samson M, Gerard P (1987) Indexes of severity for osteoarthritis of the hip and knee. Scand J Rheumatol 65:85–89

Huskisson EC (1974) Measurement of pain. Lancet 2:1127–1131

Blotman F, Maheu E, Wulwik A, Caspard H, Lopez A (1997) Mid-term efficacy and safety of avocado and soya unsaponifiables (ASU) in the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis: results of a three-month prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups, multi-center clinical trial. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 64:825–834

Maheu E, Mazières B, Le Loët X, Loyau G, Valat JP, Grouin JM, Bourgeois P, Rozenberg S (1998) Symptomatic efficacy of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial with a six-month treatment period and a two-month follow-up demonstrating a persistent effect. Arthritis Rheum 41:81–91

Appelboom T, Schuermans J, Verbruggen H, Henrotin Y (2001) Symptoms modifying effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in knee osteoarthritis. A double-blind, prospective, placebo-controlled study. Scand J Rheumatol 30:242–247

Lequesne M, Maheu E, Cadet C, Dreiser RL (2002) Structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on joint space loss in osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Rheum 47:50–58

Moe RH, Haavardsholm A, Christie A, Jamtvedt G, Dahm KT, Hagen KB (2007) Effectiveness of nonpharmacological and nonsurgical interventions for hip osteoarthritis: an umbrella review of high-quay systematic reviews. Phys Ther 87:1716–1727

Christensen R, Bartels EM, Astrup A, Bliddal H (2007) Symptomatic efficacy of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients: meta analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoarthr Cartil 16:399–408

Bruyere O, Burlet N, Delmas PD, Rizzoli R, Cooper C, Reginster JY (2008) Evaluation of symptomatic slow acting drugs in osteoarthritis using the GRADE system. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 9:165–174

Kahan A et al (1031) STOPP (Study on Osteoarthritis Progression Prevention): etude internationale, prospective, randomisée, en double insu, contrôlée contre placebo, évaluant la prévention de la progression radiologique de l’ arthrose du genou pendant deux ans avec la chontroitine 5 × 6 sulfate. Revue Rheum 2008:73

Reichenbach S et al (2007) Meta-analysis: chondroitin for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Ann Intern Med 146:580–590

Pavelka K, Gatterova J, Olejarova M, Machacek S, Giacovelli G, Rovati LC (2002) Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3 year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med 162:2113–2123

Rintelen B, Neumann K, Leeb BF (2006) A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Studies With Diacerein in Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Arch Intern Med 166:1899–1906

Shibakawa A, Aoki H, Masuko-Hongo K, Kato T, Tanaka M, Nishioka K et al (2003) Presence of pannus-like tissue on osteoarthritic cartilage and its histological character. Osteoarthr Cartil 11:133–140

Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Macip-Rodriguez PM, Cabral AR (2008) Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pannus have similar qualitative metabolic characteristics and pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Clin Exp Rheumatol 26:554–560

Tarhan S, Unlu Z (2003) Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonographic evaluation of the patients with knee osteoarthritis: a comparative study. Clin Rheumatol 22:181–188

Hunter DJ, Zhang Y, Niu J, Goggins J, Amin S, LaValley MP et al (2006) Increase in bone marrow lesions associated with cartilage loss: a longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 54:1529–1535

Boileau C, Martel-Pelletier M, Caron J, Msika P, Gouillou GB, Baudouin C et al (2009) Protective effects of total fraction of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on the sructural changes in experimental dog osteoarthritis: inhibition of nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase-13. Arthritis Res Ther 11:R41

Pendleton A, Arden N, Dougados M, Doherty M, Bannwarth B, Bijlsma JWJ et al (2000) EULAR recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 59:936–944

Jordan KM, Sawyer S, Coakley P, Smith HE, Cooper C, Arden NK (2004) The use of conventional and complementary treatment for knee osteoarthritis in the community. Rheumatology 43:381–384

Tubach F et al (2005) Evaluation of clinically relevant changes in patient reported outcomes in knee and hip osteoarthritis: the minimal clinically important improvement. Ann Rheum Dis 64:29–33