Effets des probiotiques sur le système immunitaire : mécanismes d’action potentiels

Solis-Pereyra, 1997, Role of food in the stimulation of cytokine production, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, 521S, 10.1093/ajcn/66.2.521S Miettinen, 1996, Production of human tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 is induced by lactic acid bacteria, Infect Immun, 64, 5403, 10.1128/IAI.64.12.5403-5405.1996 Marin, 1998, Stimulation of cytokine production in clonal macrophage and T-cell models by Streptococcus thermophilus: comparison with Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, J. Food Prot., 61, 859, 10.4315/0362-028X-61.7.859 Pelto, 1998, Probiotic bacteria down-regulate the milk-induced inflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects but have an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 28, 1474, 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00449.x Arunachalam, 2000, Enhancement of natural immune function by dietary consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019), Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 54, 263, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600938 Sheih, 2001, Systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 20, 149, 10.1080/07315724.2001.10719027 Chiang, 2000, Enhancing immunity by dietary consumption of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (Bifidobacterium lactis HN019): optimization and definition of cellular immune responses, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 54, 849, 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601093 Gill, 2001, Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, 833, 10.1093/ajcn/74.6.833 Turchet, 2003, Effect of fermented milk containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 on winter infections in free-living elderly subjects: a randomised, controlled pilot study, J. Nutr. Health. Aging., 7, 75 Kaila, 1992, Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain, Pediatr. Res., 32, 141, 10.1203/00006450-199208000-00002 Isolauri, 1995, Improved immunogenicity of oral D x RRV reassortant rotavirus vaccine by Lactobacillus casei GG, Vaccine, 13, 310, 10.1016/0264-410X(95)93319-5 Mastretta, 2002, Effect of Lactobacillus G.G. breast-feeding in the prevention of rotavirus nosocomial infection, J. Pediatr. Gastro-enterol. Nutr., 35, 527, 10.1097/00005176-200210000-00013 Saavedra, 1994, Feeding of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus to infants in hospital for prevention of diarrhoea and shedding of rotavirus, Lancet, 344, 1046, 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91708-6 Gill, 2000, Enhancement of natural and acquired immunity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (HN001). Lactobacillus acidophilus (HN017) and Bifidobacterium lactis (HN019), Br. J. Nutr., 83, 167, 10.1017/S0007114500000210 Maassen, 2000, Strain-dependent induction of cytokine profiles in the gut by orally administered Lactobacillus strains, Vaccine, 18, 2613, 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00378-3 Benyacoub, 2003, Supplementation of food with Enterococcus faecium (SF68) stimulates immune functions in young dogs, J. Nutr., 133, 1158, 10.1093/jn/133.4.1158 Mullie, 2004, Increased poliovirus-specific intestinal antibody response coincides with promotion of Bifidobacterium longum-infantis and Bifidobacterium breve in infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Pediatr. Res., 56, 791, 10.1203/01.PDR.0000141955.47550.A0 de Vrese, 2005, Probiotic bacteria stimulate virus-specific neutralizing antibodies following a booster polio vaccination, Eur. J. Nutr., 44, 406, 10.1007/s00394-004-0541-8 Mercenier, 2000, Lactic acid bacteria as live vaccines, Curr. Issues Mol. Biol., 2, 17 Pouwels, 1998, Lactic acid bacteria as antigen delivery vehicles for oral immunization purposes, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 41, 155, 10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00048-8 Maassen, 1999, Instruments for oral disease-intervention strategies: recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing tetanus toxin fragment C for vaccination or myelin proteins for oral tolerance induction in multiple sclerosis, Vaccine, 17, 2117, 10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00010-9 Grangette, 2001, Mucosal immune responses and protection against tetanus toxin after intranasal immunization with recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum, Infect. Immun., 69, 1547, 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1547-1553.2001 Majamaa, 1997, Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 99, 179, 10.1016/S0091-6749(97)70093-9 Kalliomaki, 2001, Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 357, 1076, 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04259-8 Helin, 2002, No effect of oral treatment with an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), on birch-pollen allergy: a placebo-controlled double-blind study, Allergy, 57, 243, 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1s3299.x Gionchetti, 2006, Antibiotics and probiotics in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, World J. Gastro-enterol., 12, 3306, 10.3748/wjg.v12.i21.3306 Prantera, 2002, Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: a randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG, Gut., 51, 405, 10.1136/gut.51.3.405 Bousvaros, 2005, A randomized, double-blind trial of Lactobacillus GG versus placebo in addition to standard maintenance therapy for children with Crohn's disease, Inflamm. Bowel. Dis., 11, 833, 10.1097/01.MIB.0000175905.00212.2c Marteau, 2006, Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 for prophylaxis of postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled GETAID trial, Gut, 55, 842, 10.1136/gut.2005.076604 Abreu, 2005, TLR signaling in the gut in health and disease, J. Immunol., 174, 4453, 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4453 Mack, 1999, Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression, Am. J. Physiol., 276, G941 Mattar, 2002, Probiotics up-regulate MUC-2 mucin gene expression in a Caco-2 cell-culture model, Pediatr. Surg. Int., 18, 586, 10.1007/s00383-002-0855-7 Terpend, 1998, Intestinal barrier function and cow's milk sensitization in guinea-pigs fed milk or fermented milk, J. Pediatr. Gastro-enterol. Nut., 28, 191, 10.1097/00005176-199902000-00019 Resta-Lenert, 2003, Live probiotics protect intestinal epithelial cells from the effects of infection with entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), Gut, 52, 988, 10.1136/gut.52.7.988 Madsen, 2001, Probiotic bacteria enhance murine and human intestinal epithelial barrier function, Gastro-enterology, 121, 580, 10.1053/gast.2001.27224 Gotteland, 2001, Effect of Lactobacillus ingestion on the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier alterations induced by indometacin in humans, Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 15, 11, 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00898.x Isolauri, 1993, Diet during rotavirus enteritis affects jejunal permeability to macromolecules in suckling rats, Pediatr. Res., 33, 548, 10.1203/00006450-199306000-00002 Isolauri, 1993, Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats, Gastro-enterology, 105, 1643, 10.1016/0016-5085(93)91059-Q Neish, 2000, Prokaryotic regulation of epithelial responses by inhibition of Ikappa B- alpha ubiquitination, Science, 289, 1560, 10.1126/science.289.5484.1560 Pessi, 1999, Antiproliferative effects of homogenates derived from five strains of candidate probiotic bacteria, Appl. Environ Microbiol., 65, 4725, 10.1128/AEM.65.11.4725-4728.1999 Menard, 2004, Lactic acid bacteria secrete metabolites retaining anti-inflammatory properties after intestinal transport, Gut., 53, 821, 10.1136/gut.2003.026252 Pena, 2003, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decreases TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages by a contact- independent mechanism, Cell. Microbiol., 5, 277, 10.1046/j.1462-5822.2003.t01-1-00275.x Petrof, 2004, Probiotics inhibit nuclear factor-kappa B and induce heat shock proteins in colonic epithelial cells through proteasome inhibition, Gastro-enterology, 127, 1474, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.001 Tien, 2006, Anti-inflammatory effect of Lactobacillus casei on Shigella-infected human intestinal epithelial cells, J. Immunol., 176, 1228, 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.1228 Dubuquoy, 2003, Impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in ulcerative colitis, Gastro-enterology, 124, 1265, 10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00271-3 Kelly, 2004, Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-gamma and Rel A, Nat. Immunol., 5, 104, 10.1038/ni1018 Ewaschuk, 2006, Bioproduction of conjugated linoleic acid by probiotic bacteria occurs in vitro and in vivo in mice, J. Nutr., 136, 1483, 10.1093/jn/136.6.1483 Lamine, 2004, Nitric oxide released by Lactobacillus farciminis improves TNBS-induced colitis in rats, Scand. J. Gastro-enterol., 39, 37, 10.1080/00365520310007152 Lammers, 2003, Immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria DNA: IL-1 and IL-10 response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells FEMS Immunol, Med. Microbiol., 38, 165 Rachmilewitz, 2004, Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis, Gastro-enterology, 126, 520, 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.019 Katakura, 2005, Toll-like receptor 9-induced type I IFN protects mice from experimental colitis, J. Clin. Invest., 115, 695, 10.1172/JCI22996 Obermeier, 2005, In vivo CpG DNA/toll-like receptor 9 interaction induces regulatory properties in CD4+ CD62L+ T cells which prevent intestinal inflammation in the SCID transfer model of colitis, Gut., 54, 1428, 10.1136/gut.2004.046946 Jijon, 2004, DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function, Gastro-enterology, 126, 1358, 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.02.003 Sturm, 2005, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 distinctively modulates T-cell cycling and expansion via toll-like receptor 2 signaling, Infect. Immun., 73, 1452, 10.1128/IAI.73.3.1452-1465.2005 Grangette, 2005, Enhanced anti-inflammatory capacity of a Lactobacillus plantarum mutant synthesizing modified teichoic acids, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 10321, 10.1073/pnas.0504084102 Tao, 2006, Soluble factors from Lactobacillus GG activate MAPKs and induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells, Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol., 290, C1018, 10.1152/ajpcell.00131.2005