Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: a systematic review of reviews
Tóm tắt
To systematically examine the evidence of harms and benefits relating to time spent on screens for children and young people’s (CYP) health and well-being, to inform policy.
Systematic review of reviews undertaken to answer the question ‘What is the evidence for health and well-being effects of screentime in children and adolescents (CYP)?’ Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews in February 2018. Eligible reviews reported associations between time on screens (screentime; any type) and any health/well-being outcome in CYP. Quality of reviews was assessed and strength of evidence across reviews evaluated.
13 reviews were identified (1 high quality, 9 medium and 3 low quality). 6 addressed body composition; 3 diet/energy intake; 7 mental health; 4 cardiovascular risk; 4 for fitness; 3 for sleep; 1 pain; 1 asthma. We found moderately strong evidence for associations between screentime and greater obesity/adiposity and higher depressive symptoms; moderate evidence for an association between screentime and higher energy intake, less healthy diet quality and poorer quality of life. There was weak evidence for associations of screentime with behaviour problems, anxiety, hyperactivity and inattention, poorer self-esteem, poorer well-being and poorer psychosocial health, metabolic syndrome, poorer cardiorespiratory fitness, poorer cognitive development and lower educational attainments and poor sleep outcomes. There was no or insufficient evidence for an association of screentime with eating disorders or suicidal ideation, individual cardiovascular risk factors, asthma prevalence or pain. Evidence for threshold effects was weak. We found weak evidence that small amounts of daily screen use is not harmful and may have some benefits.
There is evidence that higher levels of screentime is associated with a variety of health harms for CYP, with evidence strongest for adiposity, unhealthy diet, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Evidence to guide policy on safe CYP screentime exposure is limited.
CRD42018089483.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Iannotti, 2009, Interrelationships of adolescent physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviour, and social and psychological health, Int J Public Health, 54 Suppl 2, 191, 10.1007/s00038-009-5410-z
Klesges, 1993, Effects of television on metabolic rate: potential implications for childhood obesity, Pediatrics, 91, 281, 10.1542/peds.91.2.281
Domingues-Montanari, 2017, Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children, J Paediatr Child Health, 53, 333, 10.1111/jpc.13462
2017, Canadian Paediatric Society DHTFOO. Screen time and young children: Promoting health and development in a digital world, Paediatr Child Health, 22, 461, 10.1093/pch/pxx123
Ferguson, 2017, Social science’s curious war with pop culture and how it was lost: The media violence debate and the risks it holds for social science, Prev Med, 99, 69, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.02.009
Duch, 2013, Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates, Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 10, 102, 10.1186/1479-5868-10-102
van Ekris, 2016, An evidence-update on the prospective relationship between childhood sedentary behaviour and biomedical health indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obes Rev, 17, 833, 10.1111/obr.12426
Etchells P . on behalf of all signatories. Open letter: There is an important debate to be had about screen time, but we need quality research and evidence to support it. Guardian. London 2016.
Straker, 2018, Conflicting guidelines on young children’s screen time and use of digital technology create policy and practice dilemmas, J Pediatr, 202, 300, 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.019
Shackleton, 2016, Systematic review of reviews of observational studies of school-level effects on sexual health, violence and substance use, Health Place, 39, 168, 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.04.002
Caird J , Sutcliffe K , Kwan I , et al . Mediating policy-relevant evidence at speed: are systematic reviews of systematic reviews a useful approach? Evidence and Policy 2014. ISSN 1744-2648.
Carson, 2016, Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update, Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41, S240, 10.1139/apnm-2015-0630
LeBlanc, 2012, Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in the early years (aged 04 years), Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 37, 753, 10.1139/h2012-063
Hoare, 2016, The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review, Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 13, 108, 10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4
Wu, 2017, The influence of physical activity, sedentary behavior on health-related quality of life among the general population of children and adolescents: A systematic review, PLoS One, 12, 10.1371/journal.pone.0187668
Hale L , Guan S . Screen time and sleep among school-aged children and adolescents: A systematic review Sleep Medicine reviews . 2015;21:50 8.
Przybylski, 2017, A large-scale test of the goldilocks hypothesis, Psychol Sci, 28, 204, 10.1177/0956797616678438