Effects of Brain Evolution on Human Nutrition and Metabolism

Annual Review of Nutrition - Tập 27 Số 1 - Trang 311-327 - 2007
William R. Leonard1, J. Josh Snodgrass1, Marcia L. Robertson1
1Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, 2Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;

Tóm tắt

The evolution of large human brain size has had important implications for the nutritional biology of our species. Large brains are energetically expensive, and humans expend a larger proportion of their energy budget on brain metabolism than other primates. The high costs of large human brains are supported, in part, by our energy- and nutrient-rich diets. Among primates, relative brain size is positively correlated with dietary quality, and humans fall at the positive end of this relationship. Consistent with an adaptation to a high-quality diet, humans have relatively small gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, humans are relatively “undermuscled” and “over fat” compared with other primates, features that help to offset the high energy demands of our brains. Paleontological evidence indicates that rapid brain evolution occurred with the emergence of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago and was associated with important changes in diet, body size, and foraging behavior.

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Annual Review of Nutrition

Tập 27 Số 1

311-327

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