Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Hiệu quả của một can thiệp tâm lý xã hội phức tạp nhằm giảm hội chứng chuyển hóa ở bệnh nhân tâm thần ngoại trú có bệnh tâm thần nặng/ kéo dài
Tóm tắt
Tình trạng hội chứng chuyển hóa ở những cá nhân mắc bệnh tâm thần nặng cao hơn đáng kể so với dân số chung, góp phần làm giảm tuổi thọ của nhóm bệnh nhân này từ 15 đến 20 năm. Mục đích của nghiên cứu thử nghiệm này là để đánh giá hiệu quả của một chương trình tâm lý xã hội phức tạp, mới mẻ nhằm giảm hội chứng chuyển hóa. Các thành viên của cả nhóm can thiệp (n = 78) và nhóm đối chứng (n = 31) đều là bệnh nhân tâm thần ngoại trú có bệnh tâm thần nặng hoặc kéo dài và gặp khó khăn với một hoặc nhiều triệu chứng của hội chứng chuyển hóa. Ngoài những yếu tố mặc định của các chương trình tương tự như chế độ ăn uống và tập thể dục, can thiệp còn bao gồm việc sử dụng thuốc, vệ sinh giấc ngủ, quản lý căng thẳng, cũng như giải quyết các nhu cầu tâm linh, chánh niệm, nghiện ngập và tự chăm sóc. Đánh giá các chỉ số chuyển hóa đã được thực hiện tại thời điểm bắt đầu, vào cuối can thiệp 11 tuần và 6 tháng sau can thiệp. Xu hướng thay đổi theo thời gian thuận lợi hơn đáng kể ở nhóm điều trị so với nhóm đối chứng về vòng bụng (p = 0.013, η2 = 0.093) và một xu hướng tích cực xuất hiện liên quan đến mức độ glucose trong máu (p = 0.082, η2 = 0.057). Tuy nhiên, không có sự khác biệt đáng tin cậy về mặt thống kê giữa nhóm can thiệp và nhóm đối chứng đối với các biến kết quả khác (chỉ số khối cơ thể, huyết áp tâm thu và huyết áp tâm trương, mức triglycerid huyết thanh, mức HDL cholesterol huyết thanh, mức độ nghiêm trọng toàn bộ của hội chứng chuyển hóa). Những phát hiện này gợi ý rằng để đạt được những lợi ích bền vững hơn, các can thiệp tâm lý xã hội nhắm đến sức khỏe chuyển hóa của những cá nhân có nhu cầu sức khỏe tâm thần phức tạp nên kéo dài thời gian nếu nguồn lực cho phép hoặc tập trung hẹp hơn (chủ yếu là chế độ ăn uống và tập thể dục) nếu nguồn lực hạn chế.
Từ khóa
#hội chứng chuyển hóa #bệnh tâm thần #can thiệp tâm lý xã hội #sức khỏe tâm thần #bệnh nhân ngoại trúTài liệu tham khảo
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