Hiệu quả và độ an toàn của vắc-xin SARS-CoV-2 trong các nghiên cứu thực tế: một tổng quan có hệ thống và phân tích tổng hợp
Tóm tắt
Tính đến thời điểm hiện tại, dịch bệnh coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ngày càng trở nên nghiêm trọng hơn do sự xuất hiện của các biến thể. Cần có miễn dịch cộng đồng nhanh chóng thông qua tiêm chủng để ngăn chặn sự đột biến và ngăn chặn sự xuất hiện của các biến thể có thể hoàn toàn thoát khỏi sự giám sát miễn dịch. Chúng tôi nhằm mục đích đánh giá hệ thống hiệu quả và độ an toàn của các vắc-xin COVID-19 trong thực tế và xác lập cơ sở bằng chứng đáng tin cậy cho hiệu quả bảo vệ thực tế của các vắc-xin COVID-19, đặc biệt trong các đợt lây nhiễm tiếp theo chủ yếu do các biến thể gây ra.
Chúng tôi đã tìm kiếm các tài liệu trên PubMed, Embase và Web of Science từ khi bắt đầu cho đến ngày 22 tháng 7 năm 2021. Các nghiên cứu quan sát xem xét hiệu quả và độ an toàn của vắc-xin SARS-CoV-2 trên những người đã tiêm chủng được đưa vào phân tích. Các mô hình hiệu ứng ngẫu nhiên hoặc hiệu ứng cố định được sử dụng để ước tính hiệu quả vắc-xin (VE) gộp và tỷ lệ xảy ra các sự kiện bất lợi sau tiêm chủng, cùng với khoảng tin cậy 95% (
Tổng cộng có 58 nghiên cứu (32 nghiên cứu về hiệu quả vắc-xin và 26 nghiên cứu về độ an toàn của vắc-xin) được bao gồm. Một liều vắc-xin có hiệu quả 41% (95%
Các vắc-xin SARS-CoV-2 có độ an toàn đáng khích lệ và có thể giảm hiệu quả tỷ lệ tử vong, các trường hợp nghiêm trọng, các trường hợp có triệu chứng và nhiễm SARS-CoV-2 trên toàn thế giới. Trong bối cảnh đại dịch toàn cầu và sự xuất hiện liên tục của các biến thể SARS-CoV-2, việc tăng tốc độ tiêm chủng và cải thiện tỷ lệ tiêm chủng vẫn là vấn đề quan trọng và cấp bách nhất, và cũng là phương tiện cuối cùng để chấm dứt đại dịch.
Từ khóa
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