Effect of Sea-Water on Clay Minerals

Cambridge University Press (CUP) - Tập 7 - Trang 80-101 - 1958
Dorothy Carroll1
1U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C., USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractSamples of a montmorillonite, a mixed-layer mineral (mica and montmorillonite) “illite”, kaolinite, and halloysite were immersed in 50 ml sea-water for 10 days, and additional samples of the first three were immersed for 150 days. The exchangeable cations were determined both before and after treatment. It was found that Mg2+ ions from sea-water moved into the exchange positions in the minerals in preference to Ca2+ and Na+ ions. The H-form of these minerals showed a gradual adjustment to sea-water as measured by change in pH and filling of the exchange positions with cations other than H+. Kaolinite adjusted very rapidly, but montmorillonite and the mixed-layer mineral were slow. All the minerals reacted to yield appreciable amounts of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 to the sea-water. The quantities yielded are in the order:montmorillonite > mixed-layer mineral > “illite” > kaolinite > halloysite The solubility is considered to be due to direct solution of SiO2 in the sea-water and to removal of Al2O3 from the octahedral layer of the minerals.When H-clays were titrated with sea-water three distinct kinds of curves were obtained: (a) kaolinite; (b) mixed-layer mineral, “illite,” and halloysite; and (c) montmorillonite. The curves are similar to those obtained with clay minerals titrated with other alkaline solutions. Kaolinite reacts somewhat like a number of simple acids, but the curves for the other minerals are more complex and are related to the neutralization of H and its replacement in the exchange sites by metallic cations. The exchangeable cations were determined in the minerals after titration, and the results are similar to those obtained after immersing the minerals in sea-water. The volume of sea-water required to reach an end point at about pH 7.6 varies from 11 ml for kaolinite to 135 ml for montmorillonite and is related to the titratable alkalinity of the sea water and to the exchange capacity of the minerals.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.2475/ajs.256.10.733

10.1130/0016-7606(1949)60[1785:CMCOSS]2.0.CO;2

Powers, 1957, Adjustment of land derived clays to the marine environment, J. Sed. Petrology, 27, 355

10.1097/00010694-195205000-00003

Shapiro, 1956, Rapid analysis of silicate rocks, U.S. Geol. Survey. Bull., 56

10.1111/j.1365-2389.1955.tb00838.x

10.1097/00010694-193704000-00005

Coleman, 1953, The heats of neutralization of acid clays and cation exchange resins, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 75, 6045, 10.1021/ja01119a510

10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900020006x

10.1021/j150568a010

10.1016/0016-7037(56)90009-6

Thompson, 1940, The determination of the alkalinity of sea water, J. Marine Res., 3, 224

Kelley, 1934, Base exchange in relation to composition of clay with special reference to effect of sea water, Bull Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., 18, 358

Harvey, 1957, The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Waters, 234

Marshall, 1954, Clays and Clay Minerals, 327, 364

Powers, 1954, Clays and Clay Minerals, 327, 68

Nash, 1956, The surface reactions of silicate minerals, Part II, Reactions of feldspar surfaces with salt solutions, Univ. Missouri Coll. Agric. Research Bull., 614, 36

10.1016/0095-8522(48)90070-1

Paver, 1934, The role of aluminium in the reactions of the clays, J. Soc. Chemical Industry, 53, 750, 10.1002/jctb.5000533602

Marshall, 1942, The electrochemical properties of mineral membranes. II. Measurement of potassium-ion activities in colloidal clays, J. Phys. Chem., 46, 52, 10.1021/j150415a007

Grim, 1954, Clays and Clay Minerals, 327, 81

10.1016/0016-7037(58)90046-2

10.2475/ajs.254.6.372

10.1007/978-3-662-28818-4

10.2136/sssaj1958.03615995002200040003x

Sverdrup, 1946, The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry and General Biology, 1087

Hendricks, 1941, Chemical composition and genesis of glauconite and celadonite, Amer. Min., 26, 683