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Iron Oxide Removal from Soils and Clays by a Dithionite-Citrate System Buffered with Sodium Bicarbonate
Tập 7 - Trang 317-327 - 1958
AbstractThe oxidation potential of dithionite (Na2S2O4) increases from 0.37 V to
0.73 V with increase in pH from 6 to 9, because hydroxyl is consumed during
oxidation of dithionite. At the same time the amount of iron oxide dissolved in
15 minutes falls off (from 100 percent to less than 1 percent extracted) with
increase in pH from 6 to 12 owing to solubility product relationships of iron
oxides....
Rapid Dissolution of Allophane and Kaolinite-Halloysite After Dehydration
- 1958
AbstractDifferential dissolution in NaOH solution was investigated as a means of
purification of clay. It was discovered that a large quantity of allophane and
free alumina and silica were dissolved from clay preparations in 0.5 N NaOH
solution by boiling for as little as 2.5 min, provided the ratio of clay weight
to solution volume was kept less than 100 mg to 100 ml. Reprecipitation of
dissolved...
Sepiolite and Related Compounds: Its Stability and Application
- 1961
AbstractThe unit-cell characteristics and structures of sepiolite,
ferri-sepiolites (xylotile, mountain wood, gunnbjarnite), loughlinite and
palygorskite (attapulgite) and their structural relationships are discussed. The
chemical, morphological and thermal properties are explained by their
structures. The unit-cell characteristics and structures of sepiolite
“anhydride”, loughlinite “anhydride” a...
Differential Settling Tendencies of Clay Minerals in Saline Waters
Tập 7 - Trang 1-79 - 1958
AbstractDifferential settling velocities of individual clay mineral types and
clay mineral mixtures in quiet saline water are reported for ocean water
chlorinity range 0–18‰, brackish water ionic strength range 0.0–0.686
moles-(unit charge)2/kg, temperature range 6–26°C, clay mineral concentration
range 0.01–3.6 g/1., and pH range 6.5–9.8. The materials employed included
natural deposit clay miner...
The Mechanism of Dehydration of Mg-Vermiculite
- 1955
AbstractThe hydrated Mg-vermiculite lattice contains double sheets of water
molecules interleaved with silicate layers. In the fully hydrated condition,
each water sheet is arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern and the interlayer
cations are located midway between water sheets in octahedral
coordination.Release of water molecules from interlayer positions leads at first
to a gradual contraction ...
Transformation of Clay Minerals by Calcium Hydroxide Attack
Tập 12 - Trang 359-379 - 1963
AbstractCalcium hydroxide was allowed to react with various clays, other
silicates, and quartz at slightly elevated temperatures for several months. The
reaction products were examined by X-ray diffraction, DTA, and electron
microscopy, and were shown to be poorly-crystallized calcium silicate hydrates
of the tobermorite family, and calcium aluminate hydrates. Quaternary phases
were not detected, ...
Adjustment of Clays to Chemical Change and the Concept of the Equivalence Level
Tập 6 - Trang 309-326 - 1957
AbstractFurther x-ray and chemical work on suspended sediment samples and cored
samples from the James River and its estuary support earlier proposals by the
author. A chlorite-like clay is forming from weathered illite through a
mixed-layer illite—vermiculite-chlorite stage, and some illite is seemingly
regenerated to a better illite by potassium fixation.Chemical analyses of
interstitial water, ...
Orientation and Packing of Aliphatic Chain Molecules on Montmorillonite
Tập 9 - Trang 546-556 - 1960
AbstractAliphatic chain molecules may be adsorbed on montmorillonite surfaces
with the zigzag of their carbon chain either parallel or perpendicular to the
surface. These orientations are designated αII and αI, respectively. Fourier
syntheses have too few terms to distinguish clearly between these orientations.
The problem is studied therefore by consideration of the basal spacings. These
spacings...
The Distribution and Identification of Mixed-Layer Clays in Sedimentary Rocks
Tập 4 - Trang 385-386 - 1955
Shear Strength of Montmorillonite and Kaolinite Related to Interparticle Forces
Tập 9 - Trang 210-218 - 1960
AbstractShear strength of saturated, remolded clay mineral samples was measured
in an attempt to relate strength to forces acting between clay particles. The
fine fractions of the clays, purified when necessary, were consolidated to
different void ratios and subjected to quick, translatory shear in a direct
shear device. Relative values for shear strength were obtained in this way.
Interparticle f...