Educational Differences in Age-Related Patterns of Disease: Reconsidering the Cumulative Disadvantage and Age-As-Leveler Hypotheses

Journal of Health and Social Behavior - Tập 48 Số 1 - Trang 1-15 - 2007
Matthew E. Dupre1
1Matthew E. Dupre is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His research focuses on social, epidemiologic, and demographic issues related to aging, with an emphasis on the life-course patterning of chronic disease and mortality.

Tóm tắt

Some studies suggest that the relationship between education and health strengthens with age (cumulative disadvantage hypothesis), while other studies find that it weakens (age-as-leveler hypothesis). This research addresses this inconsistency by differentiating individual-level changes in health from those occurring at the aggregate level due to selective mortality. Using retrospective and prospective data from a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, I examine educational differences in age-specific rates of disease prevalence, incidence, and survival. At the aggregate level, I find that educational differences in disease prevalence are largest at mid-life and then decline. At the individual level, however, disease incidence and mortality increase with age at a greater rate for less-educated persons compared to the well educated. These findings suggest that the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis explains how education affects the health of individuals with increasing age, whereas the leveling hypothesis describes the aggregated by-product of these educational disparities in health decline.

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Journal of Health and Social Behavior

Tập 48 Số 1

1-15

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