Lợi ích kinh tế của quản lý chăn nuôi gia súc ở Ghana
Tóm tắt
Hệ thống sản xuất gia súc nhỏ (cừu và dê) truyền thống đóng góp đáng kể vào phúc lợi kinh tế xã hội của các hộ nông dân ở miền Bắc Ghana. Ngoài việc đóng vai trò là nguồn thu nhập quan trọng, cừu và dê còn cung cấp những lợi ích không tiền tệ quan trọng như cung cấp phân bón, tiết kiệm, bảo hiểm, đa dạng hóa danh mục đầu tư nông nghiệp và các mối quan hệ xã hội mạnh mẽ. Tuy nhiên, đánh giá kỹ thuật về các hệ thống gia súc nhỏ truyền thống chủ yếu nhấn mạnh vào lợi ích tài chính cho nông dân và bỏ qua những tiện ích phi truyền thống từ hệ thống gia súc. Mục đích chính của nghiên cứu này là ước lượng các lợi ích kinh tế chung liên quan đến các hệ thống gia súc nhỏ truyền thống bằng cách tính đến cả giá trị thị trường và phi thị trường trong hai vùng sinh thái nông nghiệp (savanna Guinea và Sudan) ở miền Bắc Ghana. Sử dụng kỹ thuật lấy mẫu đa tầng, chúng tôi đã thu thập dữ liệu cắt ngang từ 249 nông dân chăn nuôi gia súc nhỏ để phân tích thực nghiệm. Kết quả cho thấy ít nhất 60% lợi ích ròng từ sản xuất cừu và dê ở miền Bắc Ghana có dạng không thể tiếp thị (không tiền mặt). Nghiên cứu chứng minh rằng hệ thống chăn nuôi thả rông truyền thống của việc quản lý cừu và dê là có tính kinh tế khi giá trị phi thị trường được tính vào phân tích kinh tế. Những phát hiện này có tác động thực tiễn trong việc cải thiện hệ thống gia súc nhỏ truyền thống nhằm tăng năng suất thịt và tạo ra thu nhập ở miền Bắc Ghana và các nơi khác ở châu Phi hạ Sahara (SSA).
Từ khóa
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