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Các Nghiên Cứu Kinh Tế Về Bệnh Không Truyền Nhiễm và Chấn Thương Tại Ấn Độ: Một Tổng Quan Hệ Thống
Tóm tắt
Gánh nặng từ các bệnh không truyền nhiễm và chấn thương (NCDI) tại Ấn Độ đang gia tăng nhanh chóng. Với sự đầu tư thấp của khu vực công vào lĩnh vực sức khỏe nói chung và gánh nặng tài chính cao cho các hộ gia đình trong việc điều trị, điều quan trọng là cần sử dụng các chứng cứ kinh tế để xác lập các ưu tiên trong bối cảnh NCDI. Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là hiểu mức độ sử dụng phân tích kinh tế tại Ấn Độ để (1) phân tích tác động của NCDI và (2) đánh giá các can thiệp phòng ngừa và điều trị. Phân tích này đặc biệt tập trung vào loại phân tích kinh tế sử dụng, các loại bệnh, mô hình tài trợ, quyền tác giả và đặc điểm của tác giả. Chúng tôi đã thực hiện một đánh giá hệ thống dựa trên các từ khóa kinh tế để xác định các nghiên cứu về NCDI tại Ấn Độ được công bố bằng tiếng Anh từ tháng 1 năm 2006 đến tháng 11 năm 2016. Tổng cộng, có 96 nghiên cứu đã được đưa vào đánh giá. Phân tích đã sử dụng thống kê mô tả, bao gồm tần suất và tỷ lệ phần trăm. Phần lớn các nghiên cứu là nghiên cứu tác động kinh tế, tiếp theo là các nghiên cứu đánh giá kinh tế, đặc biệt là phân tích chi phí - hiệu quả. Trong danh mục đánh giá chi phí/đánh giá kinh tế một phần, hầu hết là các nghiên cứu mô tả chi phí và phân tích chi phí. Dưới danh mục tác động kinh tế/gánh nặng kinh tế, phần lớn các nghiên cứu đã điều tra chi tiêu trực tiếp từ túi. Các nghiên cứu chủ yếu tập trung vào bệnh tim mạch, tiểu đường và khối u. Hơi hơn một nửa số nghiên cứu được tài trợ, với nguồn tài trợ chủ yếu đến từ bên ngoài Ấn Độ. Một nửa số nghiên cứu do các tác giả trong nước dẫn dắt. Trong hầu hết các nghiên cứu, tác giả chính là một chuyên gia lâm sàng hoặc một chuyên gia y tế công cộng; tuy nhiên, hầu hết các nghiên cứu do các nhà kinh tế dẫn dắt đều có tác giả đến từ bên ngoài Ấn Độ. Các kết quả chỉ ra sự thiếu tham gia của các nhà kinh tế nói chung và các nhà kinh tế y tế nói riêng trong nghiên cứu về NCDI tại Ấn Độ. Nhu cầu từ các nhà lập chính sách y tế về việc ra quyết định dựa trên bằng chứng dường như là thiếu hụt, điều này càng củng cố sự phân kỳ giữa kinh tế và chính sách y tế, và làm nổi bật nhu cầu ưu tiên các nguồn lực khan hiếm dựa trên bằng chứng về những gì hiệu quả. Việc xây dựng năng lực trong kinh tế y tế cần được chú trọng, và sự hỗ trợ của chính phủ cho điều này là cần thiết.
Từ khóa
#bệnh không truyền nhiễm #chấn thương #Ấn Độ #phân tích kinh tế #đánh giá kinh tếTài liệu tham khảo
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