Ecological, phylogenetical, and pharmacognostical characteristics of Aconitum kiyomiense endemic to Hida highlands, Takayama city, Gifu Prefecture, Japan

Journal of Natural Medicines - Tập 73 - Trang 523-532 - 2019
Motoyasu Minami1, Misaki Yasueda1, Tomoyasu Shirako1, Tetuo Murakami1, Takako Mori1, Taichi Fujii1, Toshiyuki Atsumi2, Toshiro Shibata3, Yuichi Kadota4
1College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Nobeoka, Japan
3Research Center for medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Japan
4Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan

Tóm tắt

Aconitum kiyomiense Kadota (Ranunculaceae) is endemic to Takayama city, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. We collected specimens from marshes and flood plains at altitudes ranging from 852 to 1085 m and from a new habitat consisting of a mesic meadow in the subalpine belt (1681 m). Glabrous pedicels and flowering sequence of inflorescence were used for identification, but intra-species variations in the pilus of pedicels (glabrous, pilose, and chimeric types) were observed. Although the flowering sequence has been reported as both indeterminate and determinate, all specimens in the present study were determinate. No intra-species variation was detected via partial nuclear internal transcribed space, and sequences did not match another 17 East Eurasian continent subgenus Aconitum species. The chloroplast trnL–trnF intergenic spacer region (trnL–trnF) showed three different haplotypes. The trnL–trnF dominant haplotype sequence was identical to that of A. kusnezoffii growing on the Eurasian continent, suggesting that A. kiyomiense is more primitive than other Japanese aconitum and a relic species of the Eurasian continent. We report the first detection of aconitine alkaloids in the tuberous roots, which exhibited aconitine alkaloid contents varying from 0.32 to 4.05 mg/g dry weight (mg/g) for aconitine, 0.02 to 4.12 mg/g for hypaconitine, undetectable to 0.05 mg/g for jesaconitine, and 0.42 to 3.76 mg/g for mesaconitine. The variation of aconitine alkaloid components and contents appeared to be random and did not vary with inflorescence phenotype, trnL–trnF haplotype, environmental habitat conditions, or the geographic region of the collection sites. Since most populations showed no genetic intra-variation, it will be necessary to maintain the continuity of habitats and designate areas for conservation of genetic diversity at the population level.

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Journal of Natural Medicines

Tập 73

523-532

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