Ecological niche modelling as a technique for assessing threats and setting conservation priorities for Asian slow lorises (Primates: Nycticebus)

Diversity and Distributions - Tập 15 Số 2 - Trang 289-298 - 2009
James Thorn1, Vincent Nijman1, David A. Ehlers Smith1, K. A. I. Nekaris1
1Nocturnal Primate Research Group, School of Social Sciences and Law, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK,

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT

Aim  Data on geographical ranges are essential when defining the conservation status of a species, and in evaluating levels of human disturbance. Where locality data are deficient, presence‐only ecological niche modelling (ENM) can provide insights into a species’ potential distribution, and can aid in conservation planning. Presence‐only ENM is especially important for rare, cryptic and nocturnal species, where absence is difficult to define. Here we applied ENM to carry out an anthropogenic risk assessment and set conservation priorities for three threatened species of Asian slow loris (Primates: Nycticebus).

Location  Borneo, Java and Sumatra, Southeast Asia.

Methods  Distribution models were built using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) ENM. We input 20 environmental variables comprising temperature, precipitation and altitude, along with species locality data. We clipped predicted distributions to forest cover and altitudinal data to generate remnant distributions. These were then applied to protected area (PA) and human land‐use data, using specific criteria to define low‐, medium‐ or high‐risk areas. These data were analysed to pinpoint priority study sites, suitable reintroduction zones and protected area extensions.

Results  A jackknife validation method indicated highly significant models for all three species with small sample sizes (n = 10 to 23 occurrences). The distribution models represented high habitat suitability within each species’ geographical range. High‐risk areas were most prevalent for the Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) on Java, with the highest proportion of low‐risk areas for the Bornean slow loris (N. menagensis) on Borneo. Eighteen PA extensions and 23 priority survey sites were identified across the study region.

Main conclusions  Discriminating areas of high habitat suitability lays the foundations for planning field studies and conservation initiatives. This study highlights potential reintroduction zones that will minimize anthropogenic threats to animals that are released. These data reiterate the conclusion of previous research, showing MaxEnt is a viable technique for modelling species distributions with small sample sizes.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00187-3

10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00074-4

10.1023/B:IJOP.0000014647.18720.32

10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03764.x

Chasen F.N., 1935, On a collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands, South China Sea, Bulletin of the Raffles Museum of Singapore, 10, 5

10.1007/s10764-006-9032-5

CITES(2007)UNEP–WCMC Species Database: CITES‐Listed Species.http://www.cites.org. Accessed 30 June 2007.

10.7208/chicago/9780226821177.001.0001

10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04596.x

10.1111/j.0021-8901.2004.00881.x

Eudey A.A., 1987, Action plan for Asian primate conservation, 1987

10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.040

10.1007/978-94-011-5874-9_3

10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00365.x

10.1017/S0376892999000302

GLC(2000)European Commission Joint Research Centre 2003.http://www.gvm.jrc.it/GLC200. Accessed 15 February 2007.

Groves C.P., 2001, Primate taxonomy

Groves C., 2008, Primates of the oriental night, 115

10.1890/06-0539

Hamel P. Barker S. Benítez S. Baldy J. Cisneros Heredia D. Colorado Zuluaga G. Cuesta F. Davidson I. Díaz D. Ganzenmueller A. García S. Girvan M.K. Guevara E. Hamel P. Hennessey A.B. Hernández O.L. Herzog S. Mehlman D. Moreno M.I. Ozdenerol E. Ramoni‐Perazzi P. Romero M. Romo D. Salaman P. Santander T. Tovar C. Welton M. Will T. Pedraza C.&Galindo G.(2006)Modelling the south American range of the cerulean warbler.Proceedings of the Twenty‐sixth ESRI International User Conference San Diego California 6–11 August 2006. [Online].http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/27262.

10.1007/0-387-31710-4_12

10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00036-7

10.1111/j.0906-7590.2006.04700.x

10.1002/joc.1276

10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0412:AGITQR]2.0.CO;2

10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2027:ENFAHT]2.0.CO;2

IUCN(2006)IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 1 May 2007.

10.1007/978-94-011-3110-0_6

10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.610064.x

Lande R., 1998, Conservation in a changing world: integrating process into priorities for action, 29

10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.03957.x

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00233.x

10.5479/si.00963801.31-1498.575

Malone N., 2002, Assessment of the sale of primates at Indonesian bird markets, Asian Primates, 8, 7

10.1007/978-1-4757-3770-7_1

Mcgreal S., 2007, Loris confiscations highlight need for protection, IPPL News, 34, 3

10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00202.x

Molur S., 2003, Status of south Asian primates: conservation assessment and management plan (C.A.M.P.) workshop report 2003

Nekaris K.A.I., 2007, Primates in perspective, 24

Nekaris K.A.I., 2007, Unexpected diversity within the Javan slow loris trade: implications for slow loris taxonomy, Contributions to Zoology, 76, 187, 10.1163/18759866-07603004

Nekaris K.A.I., 2007, 2nd Congress of the European Federation for Primatology

10.1159/000102316

Nekaris K.A.I., 2004, Historical and recent developments of human–loris relations in South and Southeast Asia [abstract], Primate Eye, 84, 17

Nekaris K.A. Roos C. Pimley E.R.&Schulze H.(2006)Diversity slowly coming to light: reconsidering the taxonomy of pottos and lorises.International Journal of Primatology Abst #441.

10.1007/s10531-007-9308-x

10.1111/j.1523-1739.1987.tb00024.x

Oates J.F., 1986, Action plan for African primate conservation, 1986–90

10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00392.x

10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01594.x

10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01413.x

10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026

Rabinowitz D., 1981, The biological aspect of rare plant conservation, 205

10.1038/nature02205

Roos C.(2003)Molekulare Phylogenie der Halbaffen Schlankaffen und Gibbons [diss.].University of Munich Munich Germany.

Schulze H., 2004, Conservation of primates in Vietnam, 33

10.1016/j.biocon.2006.10.018

10.1007/s10531-006-9091-0

Streicher U., 2004, Conservation of primates in Vietnam, 29

Streicher U., 2004, Conservation of primates in Vietnam, 154

Strier K.B., 2007, Primates in perspective, 496

10.1002/9780470999356

10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)42:1<1::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-0

10.1007/s00267-001-0030-2

10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00489.x

10.1007/s10530-006-9072-y

Webber C., 2004, Survey of primates and other mammals in markets of Indonesia, with an analysis of conditions and health of the animals, Folia Primatologica, 75, 60

Williams P.H., 1998, Conservation in a changing world: integrating process into priorities for action, 211

10.1007/s00267-004-0095-9

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Diversity and Distributions

Tập 15 Số 2

289-298

Thông tin tác giả