Hệ thống cảnh báo sớm và di tản: bão nhiệt đới hiếm gặp và cực đoan so với bão thường xuyên và quy mô nhỏ ở Philippines và Dominica
Tóm tắt
Các bảng câu hỏi khảo sát đã được thực hiện đối với những cộng đồng bị ảnh hưởng bởi Siêu bão Yolanda ở Philippines vào năm 2013 và Bão Maria ở Dominica vào năm 2017 nhằm kiểm tra hiệu quả của các hệ thống cảnh báo sớm trong việc thúc đẩy cư dân thực hiện hành động phù hợp trước những nguy cơ thiên tai nghiêm trọng. Cả hai sự kiện đều hiếm hoi và cực đoan nhưng xảy ra ở những nơi thường xuyên chịu ảnh hưởng của các cơn bão nhiệt đới ít nghiêm trọng hơn. Nghiên cứu đánh giá xem cư dân đã nhận được cảnh báo như thế nào, khi nào, những hướng dẫn nào được đưa ra, và khi nào và ở đâu mọi người quyết định tìm kiếm nơi an toàn. Trong cả hai trường hợp được xem xét, cư dân đều nhận thức được những cơn bão đang đến gần, nhưng thông tin quan trọng về mức độ nghiêm trọng và tác động tiềm ẩn của chúng đã không được tiếp nhận kịp thời hoặc không được hiểu một cách đầy đủ, dẫn đến mức độ di tản và hành vi tìm kiếm an toàn thấp. Bài báo này gợi ý rằng việc lập kế hoạch và giao tiếp công khai cần tập trung vào sự không chắc chắn xung quanh mức độ nghiêm trọng và tính đa dạng của các cơn bão nhiệt đới cũng như các nguy cơ đi kèm và hậu quả của chúng.
Từ khóa
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