Early Triassic carbon isotope excursions from South China: proxies for devastation and restoration of marine ecosystems following the end‐Permian mass extinction

Geological Journal - Tập 42 Số 3-4 - Trang 371-389 - 2007
Jinnan Tong1, Jingxun Zuo2, Zhong‐Qiang Chen1,3
1BGEG and GPMR Laboratories at China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
2Henan Institute of Geological Survey, Zhengzhou, China
3School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009 Australia

Tóm tắt

AbstractEarly Triassic carbon isotopes are measured based on 1422 carbonate bulk samples from 10 Lower Triassic sections in different palaeogeographic settings in South China. Early Triassic fluctuation ofδ13C is used as a proxy for environmental change to discuss the devastation and restoration of marine ecosystems following the biggest Phanerozoic mass extinction at the end of the Permian. Early Triassicδ13C profiles derived from various depositional settings in South China yield comparable excursion patterns. A dramatic negative shift ofδ13C across the Permian/Triassic boundary is followed by a moderate increase inδ13C values throughout the Induan. A positiveδ13C anomaly occurs near the Induan/Olenekian boundary, followed by a Smithian interval of lowerδ13C values. A distinct positive shift inδ13C coincides with the Smithian/Spathian boundary, and is followed by a high Spathian plateau ofδ13C values. Thus the distinctδ13C anomalies coincide well with key stratigraphic boundaries.Early Triassic intervals of lowδ13C values correspond to a decline in benthic generic diversity in South China and intervals of highδ13C values are coupled with an increase in biodiversity. The Early Triassic fluctuations ofδ13C profiles are good proxies for perturbations of ecologic environments, indicating multiple phases of devastation–restoration of marine ecosystems punctuated by several unexpected extraneous events such as volcanic activity. The initial restoration of marine ecosystems may have occurred earlier in the Induan and the ecosystems were subsequently destroyed during the Smithian. Biotic and environmental recoveries occurred at the Spathian, while the ecosystems eventually returned to normal levels in the early Middle Triassic. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1007/BF01776196

10.1073/pnas.032095199

10.1016/j.gca.2005.03.021

10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.088

Bottjer DJ, 2005, The Triassic recovery, the dawn of the modern biota, C.R. Palevol, 4, 385

10.1126/science.280.5366.1039

10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.003

10.1029/1999GB900066

Cao Yanyue, 1993, Conodonts of Lower Yangtze Valley—An Index to Biostratigraphy and Organic Metamorphic Maturity, 114

10.1360/02tb9252

Chen Jinhua, 2004, Mass Extinction and Recovery: Evidence from the Palaeozoic and Triassic of South China, 647

Chen Jinshi, 1984, Carbon isotope of carbonate strata at Permian‐Triassic boundary in Changxing, Zhejiang, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 19, 88

Chen Chuzhen, 1988, Sinian‐Triassic Biostratigraphy of the Lower Yangtze Peneplatform in Jiangsu Region, 315

Chen ZQ, 2000, Geological History of Nanjing Hills—A Guide for Overseas Geologists, 79

Chen Jinhua, 2001, Preliminary palaeosynecological analyses on the upper Anisian (Middle Triassic) Qingyan Fauna, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 40, 262

10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.04.014

10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.037

10.1017/S0016756806001993

10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.042

10.1016/j.crpv.2005.06.004

10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00368-5

Erwin DH, 1993, The Great Paleozoic Crisis: Life and Death in the Permian

10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0507:LPGCHL>2.3.CO;2

Feng Zengzhao, 1997, Lithofacies Paleogeography of Middle and Lower Triassic of South China

10.1016/j.crpv.2005.02.002

10.1016/j.epsl.2005.02.027

10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.017

Hallam A, 1997, Mass Extinction and Their Aftermath, 10.1093/oso/9780198549178.001.0001

10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00070-9

10.1038/337039a0

10.1126/science.289.5478.432

10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0815:EPCBAB>2.0.CO;2

10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.011

10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00139-4

Korte C, 2004, Carbon, sulfur, oxygen and strontium isotope records, organic geochemistry and biostratigraphy across the Permian/Triassic boundary in Abadeh, Iran, International Journal of Earth Sciences, 93, 565

10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.05.018

10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00732-6

10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0299:ICIESO>2.3.CO;2

10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0359:ETCMAB>2.3.CO;2

10.2110/jsr.68.311

10.1669/0883-1351(2003)18<138:PBSFSC>2.0.CO;2

Li Yucheng, 1998, Carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy of the Upper Permian Changhsingian limestone in Meishan Section D, Changxing, Zhejiang, Journal of Stratigraphy, 22, 36

10.1038/331337a0

10.1017/S0016756800008244

10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00398-3

Nan Junya, 2004, Organic and inorganic carbon‐isotope shift and paleoenvironment at the P–T boundary section in Meishan, Zhejiang Province, Geochemica, 33, 9

10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.037

Pan Huazhang, 1994, Gastropod diversity patterns in South China during the Chihsia‐Ladinian and their mass extinction, Palaeoworld, 4, 249

10.1126/science.1097023

10.2110/palo.2005.P05-58e

10.2110/palo.2005.p05-12p

10.1669/0883-1351(2004)019<0551:ETTFOT>2.0.CO;2

10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.05.002

10.1016/j.crpv.2005.04.003

RichozS.2004.Stratigraphie et variations isotopiques du carbone dans le Permien superieur et le Trias inferieur de quelques localites de la Neotethys (Turquie Oman et Iran). Ph.D. thesis Lausanne University France.

10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00507-2

10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0883:ETSAPM>2.3.CO;2

10.2307/3514528

Sun Dongli, 2004, Mass Extinction and Recovery: Evidence from the Palaeozoic and Triassic of South China, 543

Tong Jinnan, 1997, Ecosystem recovery after the end‐Paleozoic mass extinction in South China, Earth Science, 22, 373

Tong Jinnan, 2006, Originations, Radiations and Biodiversity Changes—Evidences from the Chinese Fossil Record, 567

10.1007/BF02883680

10.1016/S1367-9120(01)00058-X

Tong Jinnan, 1998, Evolution of the Permian and Triassic reef ecosystems in South China, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 110, 385

Tong Jinnan, 2002, Lower Triassic inorganic carbon isotope excursion in Chaohu, Anhui Province, China, Journal of China University of Geosciences, 13, 98

10.1360/03yd0295

Tong Jinnan, 2004, Early Triassic ammonoid succession in Chaohu, Anhui Province, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 43, 192

Tong Jinnan, 2005, An integrated Lower Triassic sequence in Chaohu, Anhui Province, Earth Science, 30, 40

10.1666/0022-3360(2006)080[0146:FFFTLT]2.0.CO;2

10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.06.015

10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00085-1

10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0351:RASCOM>2.0.CO;2

10.1130/G20585.1

Wang Yigang, 1988, Introduction to the Triassic ammonite paleoecology in China, Acta Palaeontological Sinica, 27, 346

10.1139/e04-008

Wang Hongmei, 2005, Triassic conodont succession and stage subdivision of the Guandao section, Bianyang, Luodian, Guizhou, Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 44, 611

10.1360/982004-323

10.1016/0031-0182(93)90128-6

Yang Fengqing, 1999, Proceedings of the International Conference on Pangea and the Palaeozoic‐Mesozoic Transition, 64

Yang Shouren, 1984, Selected Papers for the Commemoration of Professor Yue Senxun engaged in Geological Education for 60 Years, 105

Yang Zunyi, 1987, Permian‐Triassic Boundary Stratigraphy and Fauna of South China

Yin Hongfu, 1981, Palaeogeographical and stratigraphical distribution of the Lower Triassic Claraia and Eumorphotis (Bivalvia), Acta Geologica Sinica, 55, 161

Yin Hongfu, 1995, Dongwuan‐Indosinian Ecostratigraphy of Yangtze Platform and its Margins

10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004

ZhangKX TongJN ShiGR LaiXL PengYQ YuJX HeW JinYL.2007.Early Triassic conodont‐palynological biostratigraphy of the Meishan D section in Changxing Zhejiang Province South China.Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology.DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.031.

Zhao Laishi, 2004, Lower Triassic conodont zonation of Chaohu area, Anhui Province and their global correlation, Earth Science, 30, 623

Zhao Laishi, 2005, Conodonts from the Lower Triassic in the Nantuowan Section of Daxiakou, Xingshan County, Hubei Province, Albertiana, 33, 113

10.1007/s11430-006-0225-8