Does early life exposure to exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase the risk of respiratory and allergic diseases in children? A longitudinal cohort study
Tóm tắt
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative stress damaging cells and tissues, leading to adverse health effects in the respiratory tract. Yet, few human epidemiological studies have quantified the adverse effect of early life exposure to ROS on child health. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association of levels of ROS exposure at birth and the subsequent risk of developing common respiratory and allergic diseases in children. 1,284 Toronto Child Health Evaluation Questionnaire (T-CHEQ) participants were followed from birth (born between 1996 and 2000) until outcome, March 31, 2016 or loss-to-follow-up. Using ROS data from air monitoring campaigns and land use data in Toronto, ROS concentrations generated in the human respiratory tract in response to inhaled pollutants were estimated using a kinetic multi-layer model. These ROS values were assigned to participants’ postal codes at birth. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for confounders, were then used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) per unit increase in interquartile range (IQR). After adjusting for confounders, iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) were not significantly associated with the risk of asthma, allergic rhinitis, nor eczema. However, ROS, a measure of the combined impacts of Fe and Cu in PM2.5, was associated with an increased risk of asthma (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21, p < 0.02) per IQR. There were no statistically significant associations of ROS with allergic rhinitis (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.88–1.04, p = 0.35) and eczema (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98–1.09, p = 0.24). These findings showed that ROS exposure in early life significantly increased the childhood risk of asthma, but not allergic rhinitis and eczema.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Lakey PS, Berkemeier T, Tong H, Arangio AM, Lucas K, Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Chemical exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and reactive oxygen species in the human respiratory tract. Sci Rep. 2016;6:32916.
Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev. 2015;115(10):4440–75.
Winterbourn CC. Reconciling the chemistry and biology of reactive oxygen species. Nat Chem Biol. 2008;4(5):278–86.
Jesenak M, Zelieskova M, Babusikova E. Oxidative Stress and Bronchial Asthma in Children-Causes or Consequences? Front Pediatr. 2017;5:162.
Babusikova E, Jesenak M, Rennerova Z, Dobrota D, Banovcin P. Importance of oxidative damage in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in children. Acta Pneumol Allergol Pediatr. 2010;13:13–7.
Erzurum SC. New Insights in Oxidant Biology in Asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(Suppl 1):35–9. Suppl 1(.
Holguin F. Oxidative Stress in Airway Diseases. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2013;10(Supplement):150–7.
Iyer D, Mishra N, Agrawal A. Mitochondrial Function in Allergic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(5):29.
Dell SD, Foty RG, Gilbert NL, Jerret M, To T, Walter SD, Stieb DM. Asthma and allergic disease prevalence in a diverse sample of Toronto school children: results from the Toronto Child Health Evaluation Questionnaire (T-CHEQ) Study. Can Respir J. 2010;17(1):e1–6.
Gershon AS, Wang C, Guan J, Vasilevska-Ristovska J, Cicutto L, To T. Identifying patients with physician-diagnosed asthma in health administrative databases. Can Respir J. 2009;16(6):183–8.
To T, Dell S, Dick PT, Cicutto L, Harris JK, MacLusky IB, Tassoudji M. Case verification of children with asthma in Ontario. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006;17(1):69–76.
Weichenthal S, Shekarrizfard M, Kulka R, Lakey PSJ, Al-Rijleh K, Anowar S, Shiraiwa M, Hatzopoulou M. Spatial variations in the estimated production of reactive oxygen species in the epithelial lung lining fluid by iron and copper in fine particulate air pollution. Environ Epidemiol (Philadelphia Pa). 2018;2(3):e020.
Fishbein AB, Silverberg JI, Wilson EJ, Ong PY. Update on Atopic Dermatitis: Diagnosis, Severity Assessment, and Treatment Selection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(1):91–101.
Serebrisky D, Wiznia A. Pediatric Asthma: A Global Epidemic. Ann Glob Health 2019, 85(1).
Sur DK, Plesa ML. Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(11):985–92.
Dierick BJH, van der Molen T, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Muraro A, Postma MJ, Kocks JWH, van Boven JFM. Burden and socioeconomics of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Expert Rev PharmacoEcon Outcomes Res. 2020;20(5):437–53.
To T, Zhu J, Stieb D, Gray N, Fong I, Pinault L, Jerrett M, Robichaud A, Ménard R, van Donkelaar A, et al: Early life exposure to air pollution and incidence of childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. The European respiratory journal 2020, 55(2).
To T, Zhu J, Terebessy E, Zhang K, Fong I, Pinault L, Jerrett M, Robichaud A, Ménard R, van Donkelaar A, et al. Does exposure to air pollution increase the risk of acute care in young children with asthma? An Ontario, Canada study. Environ Res. 2021;199:111302.
Zhang Z, Weichenthal S, Kwong JC, Burnett RT, Hatzopoulou M, Jerrett M, van Donkelaar A, Bai L, Martin RV, Copes R, et al. A Population-Based Cohort Study of Respiratory Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Iron and Copper in Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Their Combined Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Human Lungs. Environ Sci Technol. 2021;55(6):3807–18.
Cesaroni G, Porta D, Badaloni C, Stafoggia M, Eeftens M, Meliefste K, Forastiere F. Nitrogen dioxide levels estimated from land use regression models several years apart and association with mortality in a large cohort study. Environ health: global access Sci source. 2012;11:48.
Eeftens M, Beelen R, Fischer P, Brunekreef B, Meliefste K, Hoek G. Stability of measured and modelled spatial contrasts in NO(2) over time. Occup Environ Med. 2011;68(10):765–70.