Diurnal variations of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange of biological soil crusts in different successional stages in the Gurbantunggut Desert of northwestern China

Barker DH, Stark LR, Zimpfer JF, McLetchie ND, Smith SD (2005) Evidence of drought-induced stress on biotic crust moss in the Mojave Desert. Plant Cell Environ 28:939–947 Belnap J, Phillips SL, Miller ME (2004) Response of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency. Oecologia 141:306–316 Bowker MA, Reed SC, Belnap J, Phillips SL (2002) Temporal variation in community composition, pigmentation, and F v/F m of desert cyanobacterial soil crusts. Microb Ecol 43:13–25 Campbell D, Hurry V, Clarke AK, Gustafsson P, Oquist G (1998) Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of cyanobacterial photosynthesis and acclimation. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 62:667–683 Eldridge DJ, Greene RSB (1994) Microbiotic soil crusts—a review of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the rangelands of Australia. Aust J Soil Res 32:389–415 Eldridge DJ, Rosentreter R (1999) Morphological groups: a framework for monitoring microphytic crusts in arid landscapes. J Arid Environ 41:11–25 Graham EA, Hamilton MP, Mishler BD, Rundel PW, Hansen MH (2006) Use of a networked digital camera to estimate net CO2 uptake of a desiccation-tolerant moss. Int J Plant Sci 167:751–758 Grote EE, Belnap J, Housman DC, Sparks JP (2010) Carbon exchange in biological soil crust communities under differential temperatures and soil water contents: implications for global change. Global Change Biol 16:2763–2774 Housman DC, Powers HH, Collins AD, Belnap J (2006) Carbon and nitrogen fixation differ between successional stages of biological soil crusts in the Colorado Plateau and Chihuahuan Desert. J Arid Environ 66:620–634 Jia RL, Li XR, Liu LC, Gao YH, Zhang XT (2012) Differential wind tolerance of soil crust mosses explains their micro-distribution in nature. Soil Biol Biochem 45:31–39 Johnson SL, Kuske CR, Carney TD, Housman DC, Gallegos-Graves L, Belnap J (2012) Increased temperature and altered summer precipitation have differential effects on biological soil crusts in a dryland ecosystem. Global Change Biol 18:2583–2593 Kidron GJ, Barinova S, Vonshak A (2012) The effects of heavy winter rains and rare summer rains on biological soil crusts in the Negev Desert. Catena 95:6–11 Lan SB, Wu L, Zhang DL, Hu CX (2012) Composition of photosynthetic organisms and diurnal changes of photosynthetic efficiency in algae and moss crusts. Plant Soil 351:325–336 Lange OL (2002) Photosynthetic productivity of the epilithic lichen Lecanora muralis: long-term field monitoring of CO2 exchange and its physiological interpretation—I. Dependence of photosynthesis on water content, light, temperature, and CO2 concentration from laboratory measurements. Flora 197:233–249 Lange OL (2003) Photosynthetic productivity of the epilithic lichen Lecanora muralis: long-term field monitoring of CO2 exchange and its physiological interpretation II. Diel and seasonal patterns of net photosynthesis and respiration. Flora 198:55–70 Lange OL, Green TGA, Reichenberger H, Meyer A (1996) Photosynthetic depression at high thallus water contents in lichens: concurrent use of gas exchange and fluorescence techniques with a cyanobacterial and a green algal Peltigera species. Bot Acta 109:43–50 Li XR, Jia RL, Chen YW, Huang L, Zhang P (2011) Association of ant nests with successional stages of biological soil crusts in the Tengger Desert, Northern China. Appl Soil Ecol 47:59–66 Li XR, Zhang P, Su YG, Jia RL (2012) Carbon fixation by biological soil crusts following revegetation of sand dunes in arid desert regions of China: a four-year field study. Catena 97:119–126 Luttge U, Budel B, Ball E, Strube F, Weber P (1995) Photosynthesis of terrestrial cyanobacteria under light and desiccation stress as expressed by chlorophyll fluorescence and gas-exchange. J Exp Bot 46:309–319 Maxwell K, Johnson GN (2000) Chlorophyll fluorescence—a practical guide. J Exp Bot 51:659–668 Piccotto M, Bidussi M, Tretiach M (2011) Effects of the urban environmental conditions on the chlorophyll a fluorescence emission in transplants of three ecologically distinct lichens. Environ Exp Bot 73:102–107 Proctor M (2001) Patterns of desiccation tolerance and recovery in bryophytes. Plant Growth Regul 35:147–156 Proctor MCF, Ligrone R, Duckett JG (2007a) Desiccation tolerance in the moss Polytrichum formosum: physiological and fine-structural changes during desiccation and recovery. Ann Bot 99:75–93 Proctor MCF, Oliver MJ, Wood AJ, Alpert P, Stark LR, Cleavitt NL, Mishler BD (2007b) Desiccation-tolerance in bryophytes: a review. Bryologist 110:595–621 Schlensog M, Schroeter B (2001) A new method for the accurate in situ monitoring of chlorophyll a fluorescence in lichens and bryophytes. Lichenologist 33:443–452 Schreiber U, Bilger W, Hormann H, Neubauer C (1998) Chlorophyll fluorescence as a diagnostic tool: basics and some aspects of practical relevance. In: Raghavendra AS (ed) Photosynthesis, a comprehensive treatise. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 320–336 Schreiber U, Klughammer C, Kolbowski J (2011) High-end chlorophyll fluorescence analysis with the MULTI-COLOR-PAM. I. Various light qualities and their applications. PAM Appl Notes 1:1–21 Schroeter B, Green TGA, Kulle D, Pannewitz S, Schlensog M, Sancho LG (2012) The moss Bryum argenteum var. muticum Brid. is well adapted to cope with high light in continental Antarctica. Antarct Sci 24:281–291 Su YG, Wu L, Zhang YM (2012) Characteristics of carbon flux in two biologically crusted soils in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China. Catena 96:41–48 Tao Y, Zhang YM (2012) Effects of leaf hair points of a desert moss on water retention and dew formation: implications for desiccation tolerance. J Plant Res 125:351–360 Tuba Z, Protor MCF, Csintalan Z (1998) Ecophysiological responses of homoiochlorophyllous and poikilochlorophyllous desiccation tolerant plants: a comparison and an ecological perspective. Plant Growth Regul 24:211–217 Wang YT, Tang LS (2009) Responses of different life-form plants in Garbantunggut Desert to small rainfall events. Chinese J Ecol 28:1028–1034 (Chinese with abstract in English) Wellburn AR (1994) The spectral determination of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. J Plant Physiol 144:307–313 West NE (1990) Structure and function of microphytic soil crusts in wildland ecosystems of arid to semi-arid regions. Adv Ecol Res 20:179–223 Wood AJ (2007) Invited essay: new frontiers in bryology and lichenology—the nature and distribution of vegetative desiccation-tolerance in hornworts, liverworts and mosses. Bryologist 110:163–177 Wu N, Zhang YM, Downing A (2009) Comparative study of nitrogenase activity in different types of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China. J Arid Environ 73:828–833 Wu L, Lan SB, Zhang DL, Hu CX (2013) Recovery of chlorophyll fluorescence and CO2 exchange in lichen soil crusts after rehydration. Eur J Soil Biol 55:77–82 Zaady E, Kuhn U, Wilske B, Sandoval-Soto L, Kesselmeier J (2000) Patterns of CO2 exchange in biological soil crusts of successional age. Soil Biol Biochem 32:959–966 Zhang YM (2005) The microstructure and formation of biological soil crusts in their early developmental stage. Chin Sci Bull 50:117–121 Zhang YM, Pan HX, Pan BR (2004) Distribution characteristics of biological crust on sand dune surface in Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang. J Soil Water Conserv 18:61–64 (Chinese with abstract in English) Zhang YM, Chen J, Wang L, Wang XQ, Gu ZH (2007) The spatial distribution patterns of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northern Xinjiang, China. J Arid Environ 68:599–610 Zhang BC, Zhang YM, Zhao JC, Wu N, Chen RY, Zhang J (2009a) Microalgal species variation at different successional stages in biological soil crusts of the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China. Biol Fert Soils 45:539–547 Zhang J, Zhang YM, Downing A, Cheng JH, Zhou XB, Zhang BC (2009b) The influence of biological soil crusts on dew deposition in Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China. J Hydrol 379:220–228 Zhang YM, Wu N, Zhang BC, Zhang J (2010) Species composition, distribution patterns and ecological functions of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert. J Arid Land 2:180–189 Zhang YF, Wang XP, Pan YX, Hu R (2012) Diurnal relationship between the surface albedo and surface temperature in revegetated desert ecosystems, Northwestern China. Arid Land Res Manage 26:32–43 Zheng YP, Xu M, Zhao JC, Zhang BC, Bei SQ, Hao LH (2011) Morphological adaptations to drought and reproductive strategy of the moss Syntrichia caninervis in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. Arid Land Res Manage 25:116–127