Discovering the dominance of the non-native European eel in the upper reaches of the Tone River system, Japan

Heinsbroek LTN (1991) A review of eel culture in Japan and Europe. Aquac Fish Manag 22:57–72

Tabeta O, Takai T, Matsui I (1977) On the freshwater eels introduced into Japan. Suisan Zoushoku 24:116–122 (in Japanese)

Zhang H, Mikawa N, Yamada Y, Horie N, Okamura A, Utoh T, Tananka S, Motonobu T (1999) Foreign eel species in the natural waters of Japan detected by polymerase chain reaction of mitochondrial cytochrome b region. Fish Sci 65:684–686

Aoyama J, Watanabe S, Miyai T, Sasai S, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K (2000) The European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), in Japanese waters. Dana 12:1–5

Okamura A, Zhang H, Yamada Y, Utoh T, Mikawa N, Horie N, Tanaka S, Motonobu T (2001) Identification of two eel species, Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla by discriminant function analysis. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 67:1056–1060 (in Japanese with English abstract)

Okamura A, Zhang H, Mikawa N, Kotake A, Yamada Y, Utoh T, Horie N, Tanaka S, Oka HP, Tsukamoto K (2008) Decline in non-native freshwater eels in Japan: ecology and future perspectives. Environ Biol Fish 81:347–358

Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Japan (1954–2006) Annual report of catch statistics on fishery and aquiculture. Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo

Itakura H (2014) A study on the Japanese eel resources and ecology in relation to habitat degradation. PhD dissertation, University of Tokyo, Chiba

Itakura H, Kaino T, Miyake Y, Kitagawa T, Kimura S (2015) Feeding, condition, and abundance of Japanese eels from natural and revetment habitats in the Tone River, Japan. Environ Biol Fish 98:1871–1888

Ege V (1939) A revision of the genus Anguilla Shaw, a systematic, phylogenetic and geographical study. Dana Rep 16:1–256

Aoyama J, Watanabe S, Nishida M, Tsukamoto K (2000) Discrimination of catadromous eels of genus Anguilla using PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial 16SrRNA domain. Trans Am Fish Soc 129:873–878

Yoshinaga T, Aoyama J, Shinoda A, Watanabe S, Azanza RV, Tsukamoto K (2014) Occurrence and biological characteristics of glass eels of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica at the Cagayan River of Luzon Island, Philippines in 2009. Zool Stud 53:13

Aoyama J, Yoshinaga T, Shinoda A, Shirotori F, Yambot AV, Han YS (2015) Seasonal changes in species composition of glass eels of the genus Anguilla (Teleostei: Anguillidae) recruiting to the Cagayan River, Luzon Island, the Philippines. Pac Sci 69:261–268

Shirotori F, Ishikawa T, Tanaka C, Aoyama J, Shinoda A, Yambot AV, Yoshinaga T (2016) Species composition of anguillid glass eels recruited at southern Mindanao Island, the Philippines. Fish Sci 82:915–922

Pankhurst NW (1982) Relation of visual changes to the onset of sexual maturation in the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.). J Fish Biol 21:127–140

Durif C, Dufour S, Elie P (2005) The silvering process of Anguilla anguilla: a new classification from the yellow resident to the silver migrating stage. J Fish Biol 66:1025–1043

Nagięć M, Bahnsawy M (1990) Age and growth of female eels, Anguilla angiiilla L., in a Polish lake, Jeziorak Lake, Mazurian Lake District, Poland. Aquacult Fish Manage 21:459–470

Kotake A, Arai T, Okamura A, Yamada Y, Utoh T, Oka HP, Miller MJ, Tsukamoto K (2007) Ecological aspects of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, collected from coastal areas of Japan. Zool Sci 24:1213–1221

Arai T, Kotake A, Ohji M, Miller MJ, Tsukamoto K, Miyazaki N (2003) Occurrence of sea eels of Anguilla japonica along the Sanriku Coast of Japan. Ichthyol Res 50:78–81

Svedäng H, Neuman E, Wickström H (1996) Maturation patterns in female European eel: age and size at the silver eel stage. J Fish Biol 48:342–351

von Bertalanffy L (1938) A quantitative theory of organic growth. Hum Biol 10:181–213

Simon J (2015) Age and growth of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) in the Elbe River system in Germany. Fish Res 164:278–285

Miyai T, Aoyama J, Sasai S, Inoue JG, Miller MJ, Tsukamoto K (2004) Ecological aspects of the downstream migration of introduced European eels in the Uono River, Japan. Environ Biol Fish 71:105–114

Poole WR, Reynolds JD (1996) Growth rate and age at migration of Anguilla anguilla. J Fish Biol 48:633–642

Barak NAE, Mason CF (1992) Population density, growth and diet of eels, Anguilla anguilla L., in two rivers in eastern England. Aquac Fish Manag 23:59–70

Naismith IA, Knights B (1993) The distribution, density and growth of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, in the freshwater catchment of the River Thames. J Fish Biol 42:217–226

Smoger RA, Angermeier PL, Gaylord CK (1995) Distribution abundance of American eels in Virginia streams: tests of null models across spatial scales. Trans Am Fish Soc 124:789–803

Oliveira K (1997) Movements and growth rates of yellow phase American eels in the Annaquatucket River, Rhode Island. Trans Am Fish Soc 126:638–646

Feunteun E, Laffaille P, Robinet T, Briand C, Baisez A, Oliver JM, Acou A (2003) A review of upstream migration and movements in inland waters by anguillid eels: toward a general theory. In: Aida K, Tsukamoto K, Yamauchi K (eds) Eel biology. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp 191–213

Goodwin KR, Angermeier PL (2003) Demographic characteristics of American eel in Potomac River drainage, Virginia. Trans Am Fish Soc 132:524–535

Moriarty C (2003) The yellow eel. In: Aida K, Tsukamoto K, Yamauchi K (eds) Eel Biology. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, pp 89–105

Lasne E, Laffaille P (2008) Analysis of distribution patterns of yellow European eels in the Loire catchment using logistic models based on presence-absence of different size- classes. Ecol Freshw Fish 17:30–37

Yokouchi K, Aoyama J, Oka HP, Tsukamoto K (2008) Variation in the demographic characteristics of yellow-phase Japanese eels in different habitats of the Hamana Lake system, Japan. Ecol Freshw Fish 17:639–652

Machut LS, Limburg KE, Schmidt RE, Dittman D (2007) Anthropogenic impacts on American eel demographics in Hudson River tributaries, New York. Trans Am Fish Soc 136:1699–1713

Haro A, Castro-Santos T, Boubée J (2000) Behavior and passage of silver-phase American eels, Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur), at a small hydroelectric facility. Dana 12:33–42

Behrmann-Godel J, Eckmann R (2003) A preliminary telemetry study of the migration of silver European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in the River Mosel, Germany. Ecol Freshw Fish 12:196–202

Moriarty C (1983) Age determination and growth rate of eels, Anguilla anguilla (L). J Fish Biol 23:257–264

Marohn L, Prigge E, Hanel R (2014) Introduced American eels Anguilla rostrata in European waters: life-history traits in a non-native environment. J Fish Biol 84:1740–1747

Townsend CR (1996) Invasion biology and ecological impacts of brown trout Salmo trutta in New Zealand. Biol Conserv 78:13–22

Nagasawa K, Kim YG, Hirose H (1994) Anguillicola crassus and A. globiceps (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) parasitic in the swimbladder of eels (Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla) in East Asia: a review. Folia Parasitol 41:127–137

Molnár K, Cs Székely, Baska F (1991) Mass mortality of eel in Lake Balaton due to Anguillicola crassus infection. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 11:211–212

Barse AM, Secor DH (1999) An exotic nematode parasite of the American eel. Fisheries 24:6–10

Kirk RS (2003) The impact of Anguillicola crassus on European eels. Fish Manag Ecol 10:385–394

Crook V (2014) Slipping away: international Anguilla eel trade and the role of the Philippines. TRAFFIC and ZSL, UK

Okamura A, Yamada Y, Mikawa N, Tanaka S, Oka HP (2002) Exotic silver eels Anguilla anguilla in Japanese waters: seaward migration and environmental factors. Aquat Living Resour 15:335–341

Tsukamoto K, Chow S, Otake T, Kurogi H, Mochioka N, Miller MJ, Aoyama J, Kimura S, Watanabe S, Yoshinaga T, Shinoda A, Kuroki M, Oya M, Watanabe T, Hata K, Ijiri S, Kazeto Y, Nomura K, Tanaka H (2011) Oceanic spawning ecology of freshwater eels in the western North Pacific. Nat Commun 2:179

Sasai S, Aoyama J, Watanabe S, Kaneko T, Miller MJ, Tsukamoto K (2001) Occurrence of migrating silver eels Anguilla japonica in the East China Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 212:305–310

Okamura A, Zhang H, Utoh T, Akazawa A, Yamada Y, Horie N, Mikawa N, Tanaka S, Oka HP (2004) Artificial hybrid between Anguilla anguilla and A. japonica. J Fish Biol 64:1450–1454