Diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT): an emerging tool for rapid, high‐resolution, 3‐D imaging of metazoan soft tissues

Journal of Anatomy - Tập 228 Số 6 - Trang 889-909 - 2016
Paul M. Gignac1, Nathan J. Kley2, Julia A. Clarke3, Matthew W. Colbert3, Ashley C. Morhardt4, Donald G. Cerio4, Ian N. Cost5, Philip G. Cox6, Juan D. Daza7, Catherine Early4, M. Scott Echols8, R. Mark Henkelman9, Anna Nele Herdina10, Casey Holliday5, Zhiheng Li3, Kristin Mahlow11, Samer Merchant12, Johannes Müller11, Courtney P. Orsbon13, Daniel J. Paluh14, Monte L. Thies7, Henry P. Tsai15,5, Lawrence M. Witmer16
1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
2Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
3Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
4Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
5Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
6Department of Archaeology University of York and Hull York Medical School York UK
7Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
8The Medical Center for Birds, Oakley, CA USA
9Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
10Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
11Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und Biodiversitätforschung an der Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
12Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
13Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
14Department of Biology Villanova University Villanova PA USA
15Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence RI USA
16Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractMorphologists have historically had to rely on destructive procedures to visualize the three‐dimensional (3‐D) anatomy of animals. More recently, however, non‐destructive techniques have come to the forefront. These include X‐ray computed tomography (CT), which has been used most commonly to examine the mineralized, hard‐tissue anatomy of living and fossil metazoans. One relatively new and potentially transformative aspect of current CT‐based research is the use of chemical agents to render visible, and differentiate between, soft‐tissue structures in X‐ray images. Specifically, iodine has emerged as one of the most widely used of these contrast agents among animal morphologists due to its ease of handling, cost effectiveness, and differential affinities for major types of soft tissues. The rapid adoption of iodine‐based contrast agents has resulted in a proliferation of distinct specimen preparations and scanning parameter choices, as well as an increasing variety of imaging hardware and software preferences. Here we provide a critical review of the recent contributions to iodine‐based, contrast‐enhanced CT research to enable researchers just beginning to employ contrast enhancement to make sense of this complex new landscape of methodologies. We provide a detailed summary of recent case studies, assess factors that govern success at each step of the specimen storage, preparation, and imaging processes, and make recommendations for standardizing both techniques and reporting practices. Finally, we discuss potential cutting‐edge applications of diffusible iodine‐based contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) and the issues that must still be overcome to facilitate the broader adoption of diceCT going forward.

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Journal of Anatomy

Tập 228 Số 6

889-909

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