Sự thay đổi khác biệt trong mạch vỏ não-hạch hạnh nhân ở chuột có sự suy giảm trong quá trình tắt cảm xúc sợ hãi

Molecular Neurobiology - Tập 57 - Trang 710-721 - 2019
Kwanghoon Park1, ChiHye Chung1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea

Tóm tắt

Chuột 129S1/SvImJ (S1) thể hiện những suy giảm chọn lọc trong việc tắt cảm giác sợ hãi, mặc dù các cơ chế gây ra những suy giảm này vẫn chưa được hiểu rõ. Vùng vỏ não trước trán giữa (mPFC) bao gồm vùng vỏ trước trán tiền (PL) và vỏ não dưới lề (IL), được biết đến là tham gia vào việc huấn luyện cảm giác sợ hãi và tắt cảm giác sợ hãi, tương ứng. PL và IL chiếu tới hạch hạnh nhân bên dưới (BLA) cũng đóng vai trò quan trọng trong cả hai cơ chế này. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng các phương pháp quang sinh học và sinh lý điện để đo lường tỷ lệ ức chế/khích lệ (I/E ratio) trong các mạch mPFC-BLA của chuột S1 và đối chứng C57BL/6 (B6) sau quá trình huấn luyện cảm giác sợ hãi và tắt cảm giác sợ hãi. Như đã được đề xuất trước đó, các đầu vào từ PL tới BLA đã trở nên kích thích hơn sau khi huấn luyện cảm giác sợ hãi ở chuột B6. Chuột S1 cũng cho thấy sự tăng cường mạch PL-BLA sau khi huấn luyện cảm giác sợ hãi. Thú vị là, quá trình tắt cảm giác sợ hãi đã phục hồi độ mạnh mẽ của mạch PL-BLA về mức tương đương với nền tảng ở chuột B6. Tuy nhiên, độ mạnh của mạch PL-BLA vẫn cao một cách bất thường ngay cả sau quá trình tắt cảm giác ở chuột S1. Mạch IL-BLA trở nên ức chế hơn ở chuột B6 sau quá trình tắt cảm giác sợ hãi, trong khi sự tắt cảm giác không làm thay đổi khả năng kích thích của mạch IL-BLA ở chuột S1. Những dữ liệu này cho thấy rằng những suy giảm trong quá trình tắt cảm giác sợ hãi được quan sát ở chuột S1 có thể là do sự cân bằng I/E trong mạch PL-BLA liên tục giảm và không có sự thay đổi trong cân bằng I/E trong mạch IL-BLA. Điều này càng cho thấy rằng việc nghiên cứu cả hai con đường này là cần thiết để phát triển các liệu pháp hiệu quả hơn cho các rối loạn tâm thần liên quan đến suy giảm trong quá trình tắt cảm giác sợ hãi, như đau mãn tính và rối loạn stress sau chấn thương.

Từ khóa

#suy giảm tắt cảm giác sợ hãi #mạch vỏ não-hạch hạnh nhân #chuột 129S1 #chuột C57BL/6 #cơ chế thần kinh

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