Diet, nesting density, and breeding success of rough-legged buzzards (Buteo lagopus) on the Nenetsky Ridge, Arctic Russia

Andersson M (1976) Population ecology of long-tailed skua (Stercorarius longicaudus Vieill). J Anim Ecol 45:537–559. doi: 10.2307/3890

Andersson M (1981) Reproductive tactics of the long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus. Oikos 37:287–294. doi: 10.2307/3544119

Andersson M, Erlinge S (1977) Influence of predation on rodent populations. Oikos 29:591–597. doi: 10.2307/3543597

Batzli GO, Lesieutre C (1991) The influence of high quality food on habitat use by arctic microtine rodents. Oikos 60:299–306

Bechard MJ, Swem TR (2002) Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus), The Birds of North America Online (Poole A, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America Online: http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/641 doi: 10.2173/bna.641

Dawson RD, Mossop DH, Boukall B (2011) Prey use and selection in relation to reproduction by peregrine falcons breeding along the Yukon River, Canada. J Raptor Res 45:27–37

DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1977) Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid-synthesis. Science 197:261–263. doi: 10.1126/science.327543

Ehrich D, Tarroux A, Stien J, Lecomte N, Killengreen S, Berteaux D, Yoccoz NG (2011) Stable isotope analysis: modelling lipid normalization for muscle and eggs from arctic mammals and birds. Methods Ecol Evol 2:66–76. doi: 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2010.00047.x

Ehrich D, Henden JA, Ims RA, Doronina LO, Killengren ST, Lecomte N, Pokrovsky IG, Skogstad G, Sokolov AA, Sokolov VA, Yoccoz NG (2012) The importance of willow thickets for ptarmigan and hares in shrub tundra: the more the better? Oecologia 168:141–151. doi: 10.1007/s00442-011-2059-0

Elmhagen B, Tannerfeldt M, Verucci P, Angerbjörn A (2000) The arctic fox (Alopex lagopus): an opportunistic specialist. J Zool 251:139–149

Ferguson-Lees J, Christie DA (2001) Raptors of the world. Christopher Helm, London

Formozov AN (1934) Birds of prey and rodents. Zoologicheskii zhurnal 13:664–700 (in Russian)

Galushin VM (1974) Synchronous fluctuations in populations of some raptors and their prey. Ibis 116:127–134. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00232.x

Gardner MJ, Altman DG (1986) Confidence-intervals rather than p-values—estimation rather than hypothesis-testing. Brit Med J 292:746–750

Glasser JW (1982) A theory of trophic strategies—the evolution of facultative specialists. Am Nat 119:250–262. doi: 10.1086/283906

Glazov PM (2011) Breeding conditions report for southern part of Kolguev Island, Russia, 2011. ARCTIC BIRDS: an international breeding conditions survey (Online database). http://www.arcticbirds.net/info11/ru96ru49711.html . Accessed 31 October 2012 (in Russian)

Hagen Y (1969) Norwegian studies on the reproduction of birds of prey and owls in relation to micro-rodent population fluctuations. Fauna 22:73–126 (in Norwegian)

Hanski I, Hansson L, Henttonen H (1991) Specialist predators, generalist predators, and the microtine rodent cycle. J Anim Ecol 60:353–367. doi: 10.2307/5465

Henttonen H, Kaikusalo A, Tast J, Viitala J (1977) Interspecific competition between small rodents in subarctic and boreal ecosystems. Oikos 29:581–590

Hobson KA, Clark RG (1992) Assessing avian diets using stable isotopes II: factors influencing diet-tissue fractionation. Condor 94:189–197. doi: 10.2307/1368808

Ims RA, Fuglei E (2005) Trophic interaction cycles in tundra ecosystems and the impact of climate change. Bioscience 55:311–322

Ims RA, Yoccoz NG, Killengreen ST (2011) Determinants of lemming outbreaks. PNAS 108:1970–1974

Inger R, Bearhop S (2008) Applications of stable isotope analyses to avian ecology. Ibis 150:447–461. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.2008.00839.x

Ives AR, Cardinale BJ, Snyder WE (2005) A synthesis of subdisciplines: predator-prey interactions, and biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Ecol Lett 8:102–116. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00698.x

Jaksic FM (1989) Opportunism vs selectivity among carnivorous predators that eat mammalian prey—a statistical test of hypotheses. Oikos 56:427–430. doi: 10.2307/3565630

Kalyakin VN (1989) Raptors in ecosystems of the far north. In: Chernov YI (ed) Birds in communities of the tundra zone. Nauka Press, Moscow, pp 51–112 (in Russian)

Kondratyev AV, Anisimov Y, Buzun VA, Glazov PM, Kruckenberg H, Mooij J, Zainagutdinova EM, Zockler C (2006) Breeding conditions report for Kolguev Island, Peschanka River, Russia, 2006. ARCTIC BIRDS: an international breeding conditions survey (Online database). http://www.arcticbirds.net/info06/ru68ru3506.html . Accessed 31 October 2012

Kondratyev AV, Diershke J, Feige N, Glazov PM, Kontiokorpi J, Kruckenberg H, Zainagutdinova EM (2007) Breeding conditions report for Peschanka River upper reaches, Kolguev Island, Russia, 2007. ARCTIC BIRDS: an international breeding conditions survey (Online database). http://www.arcticbirds.net/info07/ru68ru41807.html . Accessed 31 October 2012

Kondratyev AV, Anisimov YA, Dolgova AV, Glazov PM, Kazansky FV, Ketzer C, Ochinashko DV, Yatsuk EA, Zainagutdinova EM (2008) Breeding conditions report for Peschanka River upper reaches, Kolguev Island, Russia, 2008. ARCTIC BIRDS: an international breeding conditions survey (Online database). http://www.arcticbirds.net/info08/ru68ru41808.html . Accessed 31 October 2012

Kondratyev AV, Hillig F, Kruckenberg H, Dmitriev AV, Pokrovskaya O, Rosenfeld SB (2011) Breeding conditions report for Peschanka River upper reaches, Kolguev Island, Russia, 2011. ARCTIC BIRDS: an international breeding conditions survey (Online database). http://www.arcticbirds.net/info11/ru68ru41811.html . Accessed 31 October 2012 (in Russian)

Korpimäki E (1985) Prey choice strategies of the kestrel Falco tinnunculus in relation to available small mammals and other Finnish birds of prey. Ann Zool Fenn 22:91–104

Korpimäki E (1988) Effects of age on breeding performance of tengmalm’s owls Aegolius funereus in western Finland. Ornis scandinavica 19:21–26

Korpimäki E (1990) Low repeatability of laying date and clutch size in tengmalm’s owl: an adaptation to fluctuating food conditions. Ornis Scandinavica 21:282–286

Korpimäki E, Norrdahl K (1989) Predation of tengmalms owls—numerical responses, functional-responses and dampening impact on population fluctuations of microtines. Oikos 54:154–164. doi: 10.2307/3565261

Korpimäki E, Tolonen P, Valkama J (1994) Functional-responses and load-size effect in central place foragers—data from the kestrel and some general-comments. Oikos 69:504–510. doi: 10.2307/3545862

Lecomte N, Ahlstrom O, Ehrich D, Fuglei E, Ims RA, Yoccoz NG (2011) Intrapopulation variability shaping isotope discrimination and turnover: experimental evidence in arctic foxes. PLoS ONE 6:e21357. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021357

Lewis SB, Falter AR, Titus K (2004) A comparison of 3 methods for assessing raptor diet during the breeding season. Wildl Soc B 32:373–385

Malo AF, Lozano J, Huertas DL, Virgós E (2004) A change of diet from rodents to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Is the wildcat (Felis silvestris) a specialist predator? J Zool 263:401–407. doi: 10.1017/s0952836904005448

Marti CD, Bechard M, Jacksic FM (2007) Food habits. In: Bird DM (ed) Raptor research and management techniques. Hancock House Publishers, Blaine, pp 129–152

Mechnikova SA (2009) Raptors of southern Yamal: breeding ecology and population dynamic. Dissertation, Moscow State Pedagigical University, Moscow (in Russian)

Mindell DP, Albuquerque JLB, White CM (1987) Breeding population fluctuations in some raptors. Oecologia 72:382–388. doi: 10.1007/Bf00377568

Myllymäki A, Paasikallio A, Pankakoski E, Kanervo V (1971) Removal experiments on small quadrates as a mean of rapid assessment of the abundance of small mammals. Ann Zool Fenn 8:177–185

Newton I (1979) Population ecology of raptors. T & AD Poyser, London

Nowak RM, Walker EP (1991) Walker’s mammals of the world, 5th edn. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

Oksanen L, Oksanen T (1992) Long-term microtine dynamics in north fennoscandian tundra: the vole cycle and the lemming chaos. Ecography 15:226–236

Osmolovskaya VI (1948) Ecology of birds of prey in the Yamal peninsula. Mater Inst Geogr Acad Sci Sov Union 41:5–77 (in Russian)

Pasanen S, Sulkava S (1971) On the nutritional biology of the rough-legged buzzard, Buteo lagopus lagopus Brunn., in Finnish Lapland. Aquilo Serie Zoologica 12:53–63

Potapov ER (1997) What determines the population density and reproductive success of rough-legged buzzards, Buteo lagopus, in the Siberian tundra? Oikos 78:362–376. doi: 10.2307/3546304

Redpath SM, Thirgood SJ (1999) Numerical and functional responses in generalist predators: hen harriers and peregrines on Scottish grouse moors. J Anim Ecol 68:879–892. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00340.x

Redpath SM, Clarke R, Madders M, Thirgood SJ (2001) Assessing raptor diet: comparing pellets, prey remains, and observational data at hen harrier nests. Condor 103:184–188

Reif V, Tornberg R, Jungell S, Korpimaki E (2001) Diet variation of common buzzards in Finland supports the alternative prey hypothesis. Ecography 24:267–274. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2001.240304.x

Reif V, Jungell S, Korpimäki E, Tornberg R, Mykra S (2004) Numerical response of common buzzards and predation rate of main and alternative prey under fluctuating food conditions. Ann Zool Fenn 41:599–607

Schenker N, Gentleman JF (2001) On judging the significance of differences by examining the overlap between confidence intervals. Am Stat 55:182–186

Simmons RE, Avery DM, Avery G (1991) Biases in diets determined from pellets and remains: correction factors for a mammal and bird-eating raptor. J Raptor Res 25:63–67

Snow D, Perrins CM, Gillmor R (1998) The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Sokolov AA (2002) Functional links between rough-legged buzzards (Buteo lagopus) and small rodents in southern shrub tundra of Yamal. Dissertation, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ekaterinburg, Russia (in Russian)

Sonerud GA (1992) Functional-responses of birds of prey—biases due to the load-size effect in central place foragers. Oikos 63:223–232. doi: 10.2307/3545382

Sundell J, Huitu O, Henttonen H, Kaikusalo A, Korpimaki E, Pietiainen H, Saurola P, Hanski I (2004) Large-scale spatial dynamics of vole populations in Finland revealed by the breeding success of vole-eating avian predators. J Anim Ecol 73:167–178. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2004.00795.x

Tast J, Kaikusalo A, Lagerström M (2010a) Breeding biology of rough-legged buzzards Buteo lagopus at Kilpisjärvi, NW Finnish Lapland, in relation to rodent cycles. Kilpisjärvi Notes 22:1–9

Tast J, Kaikusalo A, Lagerström M (2010b) Diet composition of breeding rough-legged buzzards Buteo lagopus at Kilpisjärvi, NW Finnish Lapland. Kilpisjärvi Notes 22:10–18

Tornberg R, Reif V (2007) Assessing the diet of birds of prey: a comparison of prey items found in nests and images. Ornis Fennica 84:21–31

van Eerden MR (2000) Pechora delta: structure and dynamics of the pechora delta ecosystems (1995–1999). Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatemen, Lelystad

Walker DA, Raynolds MK, Daniels FJA, Einarsson E, Elvebakk A, Gould WA, Katenin AE, Kholod SS, Markon CJ, Melnikov ES, Moskalenko NG, Talbot SS, Yurtsev BA (2005) The circumpolar Arctic vegetation map. J Veg Sci 16:267–282

Wiklund CG, Angerbjörn A, Isakson E, Kjellén N, Tannerfeldt M (1999) Lemming predators on the Siberian tundra. Ambio 28:281–286

Yoccoz NG (1991) Use, overuse, and misuse of significance tests in evolutionary biology and ecology. Bull Ecol Soc Am 72:106–111