Các chất xúc tác đốt cháy soot diesel: tổng quan về các pha hoạt động
Tóm tắt
Bài viết này xem xét và thảo luận về những thông tin quan trọng nhất liên quan đến các pha hoạt động khác nhau đã được nghiên cứu cho quá trình đốt cháy soot xúc tác. Nhiều chất xúc tác đã được báo cáo là tăng tốc quá trình đốt cháy soot, bao gồm các công thức chứa kim loại quý, kim loại kiềm và kim loại kiềm thổ, các kim loại chuyển tiếp có khả năng thực hiện các chu trình oxi hóa-khử (V, Mn, Co, Cu, Fe, v.v.), và các kim loại chuyển tiếp bên trong. Chất xúc tác platinum là một trong những chất xúc tác được quan tâm nhiều nhất cho các ứng dụng thực tiễn, và một điểm quan trọng của các chất xúc tác này là các công thức platinum bền với lưu huỳnh đã được chế tạo. Một số chất xúc tác trên cơ sở oxit kim loại cũng xuất hiện như những ứng cử viên đầy hứa hẹn cho việc đốt cháy soot trong các ứng dụng thực tiễn, bao gồm các công thức dựa trên ceria và các oxit hỗn hợp có cấu trúc perovskite và spinel. Một số chất xúc tác oxit kim loại này tạo ra các loài oxy hoạt động rất phản ứng giúp thúc đẩy quá trình đốt cháy soot hiệu quả. Tính ổn định nhiệt là một yêu cầu quan trọng đối với chất xúc tác đốt cháy soot, điều này ngăn cản việc sử dụng thực tiễn của một số chất xúc tác tiềm năng như hầu hết các chất xúc tác kim loại kiềm, muối nóng chảy và clorua kim loại. Một số chất xúc tác kim loại quý cũng không ổn định do sự hình thành các oxit dễ bay hơi (rutheni, iridi và osmium).
Từ khóa
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