Diagnostic error and clinical reasoning

Institute of Medicine, 2000, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (2000)

Graber, 2005, Diagnostic error in internal medicine, Arch Int Med, 165, 1493, 10.1001/archinte.165.13.1493

Elstein, 1999, Heuristics and biases: selected errors in clinical reasoning, Acad Med, 74, 791, 10.1097/00001888-199907000-00012

Kuhn, 2002, Diagnostic errors, Acad Emerg Med, 9, 740, 10.1197/aemj.9.7.740

Croskerry, 2002, Achieving quality in clinical decision making: cognitive strategies and detection of bias, Acad Emerg Med, 9, 1184, 10.1197/aemj.9.11.1184

Berner, 2008, Overconfidence as a cause of diagnostic error in medicine, Am J Med, 121, 2, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.001

Mele, 1997, Real self-deception, Behav Brain Sci, 20, 91, 10.1017/S0140525X97000034

Eva, 2005, Self-assessment in the health professions: a reformulation and research agenda, Acad Med, 80, 46, 10.1097/00001888-200510001-00015

Elstein, 2002, Clinical problem solving and diagnostic decision making: selective review of the cognitive literature, BMJ, 324, 729, 10.1136/bmj.324.7339.729

Croskerry, 2000, The cognitive imperative: thinking about how we think, Acad Emerg Med, 7, 1223, 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb00467.x

Redelmeier, 2005, The cognitive psychology of missed diagnoses, Ann Intern Med, 142, 115, 10.7326/0003-4819-142-2-200501180-00010

Croskerry, 2003, The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimise them, Acad Med, 78, 775, 10.1097/00001888-200308000-00003

Croskerry, 2003, Cognitive forcing strategies in clinical decision making, Ann Emerg Med, 41, 110, 10.1067/mem.2003.22

Mamede, 2007, Diagnostic errors and reflective practice in medicine, J Eval Clin Pract, 13, 138, 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00638.x

Kahnemann, 1984, Choices, values, frames, Am J Psychol, 39, 341, 10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.341

Kahnemann, 1982, Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, 10.1017/CBO9780511809477

Wears, 2007, Replacing hindsight with insight: toward better understanding of diagnostic failures, Ann Emerg Med, 49, 206, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.08.027

Gigerenzer, 1996, Reasoning the fast and frugal way: modes of bounded rationality, Psychol Rev, 103, 650, 10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.650

Eva, 2005, Heuristics and biases: a biased perspective on clinical reasoning, Med Educ, 39, 870, 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02258.x

Redelmeier, 2001, The beguiling pursuit of more information, Med Decis Making, 21, 376, 10.1177/0272989X0102100504

Norcini, 1991, Trends in the medical knowledge and clinical competence of graduates of internal medicine residency training programmes, Acad Med, 66, 58, 10.1097/00001888-199109000-00041

Norcini, 2002, Certifying examination performance and patient outcomes following acute myocardial infarction, Med Educ, 36, 853, 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01293.x

Tamblyn, 2007, Physician scores on a national clinical skills examination as predictors of complaints to medical regulatory authorities, JAMA, 298, 993, 10.1001/jama.298.9.993

Eva, 2005, What every teacher needs to know about clinical reasoning, Med Educ, 39, 98, 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01972.x

Norman, 2007, Non-analytical models of clinical reasoning: the role of experience, Med Educ, 41, 1140

Stanovich, 1999, Who is Rational? Studies of Individual Differences in Reasoning, 10.4324/9781410603432

Evans, 2008, Dual processing accounts of reasoning, judgement and social cognition, Annu Rev Psychol, 59, 255, 10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093629

Medin, 1978, Psychological Review, 85, 207

Croskerry, 2006, Critical thinking and decision making: avoiding the perils of thin-slicing, Ann Emerg Med, 48, 720, 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.03.030

Wilson, 1991, Thinking too much: introspection can reduce the utility of personal preferences and decisions, J Pers Soc Psychol, 60, 181, 10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.181

Coderre, 2003, Diagnostic reasoning strategies and diagnostic success, Med Educ, 37, 695, 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01577.x

Pretz, 2008, Intuition versus analysis: strategy and experience in complex everyday problem solving, Mem Cognit, 36, 554, 10.3758/MC.36.3.554

Barrows, 1982, The clinical reasoning process of randomly selected physicians in general medical practice, Clin Invest Med, 5, 49

Redelmeier, 2001, Problems for clinical judgement: introducing cognitive psychology as one more basic science, CMAJ, 164, 358

Graber, 2003, Metacognitive training to reduce diagnostic errors: ready for prime time?, Acad Med, 78, 781, 10.1097/00001888-200308000-00004

Bargh, 1992, The ecology of automaticity: toward establishing the conditions needed to produce automatic processing effects, Am J Psychol, 105, 181, 10.2307/1423027

Eva, 1998, Exploring the aetiology of content specificity: factors influencing analogic transfer and problem solving, Acad Med, 73, 1, 10.1097/00001888-199810000-00028

Hashem, 2003, Medical errors as a result of specialisation, J Biomed Inform, 36, 61, 10.1016/S1532-0464(03)00057-1

Eva, 2007, Teaching from the clinical reasoning literature: combined reasoning strategies help novice diagnosticians overcome misleading information, Med Educ, 41, 1152, 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02923.x