Development of a real-time PCR assay for Penicillium expansum quantification and patulin estimation in apples

Adams, 1999 Al-Hazmi, 2010, Determination of patulin and ochratoxin A using HPLC in apple juice samples in Saudi Arabia, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 17, 353, 10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.06.006 Artigot, 2009, Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two CYP619 cytochrome P450s involved in biosynthesis of patulin in Aspergillus clavatus, Microbiology, 155, 1738, 10.1099/mic.0.024836-0 Atoui, 2007, Targeting a polyketide synthase gene for Aspergillus carbonarius quantification and ochratoxin A assessment in grapes using real-time PCR, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 115, 313, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.11.006 Atoui, 2012, Quantification of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum by real-time PCR system and zearalenone assessment in maize, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 154, 59, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.022 Bacha, 2009, Cloning and characterization of novel methylsalicylic acid synthase gene involved in the biosynthesis of isoasperlactone and asperlactone in Aspergillus westerdijkiae, Fungal Genet. Biol., 46, 742, 10.1016/j.fgb.2009.07.002 Baert, 2012, Evaluation of strategies for reducing patulin contamination of apple juice using a farm to fork risk assessment model, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 154, 119, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.015 Barreira, 2010, Occurrence of patulin in apple-based-foods in Portugal, Food Chem., 121, 653, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.085 Beck, 1990, The multifunctional 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase gene of Penicillium patulum, Eur. J. Biochem., 192, 487, 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19252.x Cano-Sancho, 2009, Survey of patulin occurrence in apple juice and apple products in Catalonia, Spain, and an estimate of dietary intake, Food Addit. Contam. Part B, 2, 59, 10.1080/02652030902897747 Cheeseman, 2014, Multiple recent horizontal transfers of a large genomic region in cheese making fungi, Nat. Commun., 5, 10.1038/ncomms3876 Commission regulation (EC), 2003, No. 1425/2003 of 11 August 2003 amending regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 as regards patulin, Off. J. Eur. Union L, 203 Commission Regulation (EC), 2006, No. 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Off. J. Eur. Union L, 364 Dickinson, 1995, The direct application of the polymerase chain reaction to DNA extracted from foods, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 20, 212, 10.1111/j.1472-765X.1995.tb00430.x Dombrink-Kurtzman, 2007, The sequence of the isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene of the patulin biosynthetic pathway in Penicillium species, Antonie Van. Leeuwenhoek., 91, 179, 10.1007/s10482-006-9109-3 Elhariry, 2011, Genotypic identification of Penicillium expansum and the role of processing on patulin presence in juice, Food Chem. Toxicol., 49, 941, 10.1016/j.fct.2010.12.018 Fedeshko, 1992 Fredlund, 2008, Method evaluation of Fusarium DNA extraction from mycelia and wheat for down-stream real-time PCR quantification and correlation to mycotoxin levels, J. Microbiol. Methods, 73, 33, 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.01.007 Frisvad, 2004, Mycotoxins, drugs and other extrolites produced by species in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium, Stud. Mycol., 49, 201 Funes, 2009, Determination of patulin in solid and semisolid apple and pear products marketed in Argentina, Food Control., 20, 277, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.05.010 Gardes, 1993, ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes – application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts, Mol. Ecol., 2, 113, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x Geisen, 1996, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection of potential aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin producing fungi, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 19, 388, 10.1016/S0723-2020(96)80067-1 Gökmen, 1998, Incidence of patulin in apple juice concentrates produced in Turkey, J. Chromatogr. A, 815, 99, 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)01280-6 Guo, 2014, Molecular genetic characterization of terreic acid pathway in Aspergillus terreus, Org. Lett., 16, 5250, 10.1021/ol502242a Hayat, 2012, Recent advances in ochratoxin A-producing fungi detection based on PCR methods and ochratoxin A analysis in food matrices, Food Control., 26, 401, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.060 Hoorfar, 2004, Practical considerations in design of internal amplification controls for diagnostic PCR assays, J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, 1863, 10.1128/JCM.42.5.1863-1868.2004 Iha, 2008, Incidence of patulin in Brazilian apple-based drinks, Food Control., 19, 417, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2007.05.001 Kulik, 2009, Quantification of Fusarium poae DNA and associated mycotoxins in asymptomatically contaminated wheat, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 130, 233, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.01.036 Konietzny, 2003, The application of PCR in the detection of mycotoxigenic fungi in foods, Braz. J. Microbiol., 34, 283, 10.1590/S1517-83822003000400001 Leggott, 2001, Patulin in South African commercial apple products, Food Control., 12, 73, 10.1016/S0956-7135(00)00023-2 Luque, 2011, Development of a PCR protocol to detect patulin producing moulds in food products, Food Control., 22, 1831, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.04.020 MacDonald, 2000, Liquid chromatographic method for determination of patulin in Clear and cloudy apple juices and apple puree: collaborative study, J. AOAC Int., 83, 1387 Majid Cheraghali, 2005, Incidence of patulin contamination in apple juice produced in Iran, Food Control., 16, 165, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2004.01.006 Manonmani, 2005, Detection of aflatoxigenic fungi in selected food commodities by PCR, Process Biochem., 40, 2859, 10.1016/j.procbio.2005.01.004 Marcet-Houben, 2012, Genome sequence of the necrotrophic fungus Penicillium digitatum, the main postharvest pathogen of citrus, BMC Genomics, 13, 646, 10.1186/1471-2164-13-646 Mideros, 2009, Aspergillus flavus biomass in maize estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is strongly correlated with aflatoxin concentration, Plant Dis., 93, 1163, 10.1094/PDIS-93-11-1163 Moake, 2005, Comprehensive review of patulin control methods in foods, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 4, 8, 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2005.tb00068.x Morales, 2007, Patulin accumulation in apples by Penicillium expansum during postharvest stages, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 44, 30, 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02035.x Mulè, 2006, Development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of Aspergillus carbonarius in grapes, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 111, S28, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.03.010 Murillo-Arbizu, 2009, Occurrence of patulin and its dietary intake through apple juice consumption by the Spanish population, Food Chem., 113, 420, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.054 Negedu, 2011, Economic and health perspectives of mycotoxins: a review, Cont. J. Biomed. Sci., 5, 5 Niessen, 2007, PCR-based diagnosis and quantification of mycotoxin producing fungi, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 119, 38, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.023 Noorbakhsh, 2009, PCR-based identification of aflatoxigenic fungi associated with Iranian saffron, J. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 18, 1038 Paterson, 2000, A gene probe for the patulin metabolic pathway with potential for use in patulin and novel disease control, Biocontrol Sci. Technol., 10, 509, 10.1080/09583150050115098 Paterson, 2004, The isoepoxydon dehydrogenase gene of patulin biosynthesis in cultures and secondary metabolites as candidate PCR inhibitors, Mycol. Res., 108, 1431, 10.1017/S095375620400142X Paterson, 2006, Identification and quantification of mycotoxigenic fungi by PCR, Process Biochem., 41, 1467, 10.1016/j.procbio.2006.02.019 Puel, 2007 Puel, 2010, Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin, Toxins, 2, 613, 10.3390/toxins2040613 Rodríguez, 2011, Development of real-time PCR methods to quantify patulin-producing molds in food products, Food Microbiol., 28, 1190, 10.1016/j.fm.2011.04.004 Rodríguez, 2012, Real-time PCR assays for detection and quantification of aflatoxin-producing molds in foods, Food Microbiol., 31, 89, 10.1016/j.fm.2012.02.009 Rossen, 1992, Inhibition of PCR by components of food samples, microbial diagnostic assays and DNA-extraction solutions, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 17, 37, 10.1016/0168-1605(92)90017-W Salomão, 2009, Influence of storage temperature and apple variety on patulin production by Penicillium expansum, J. Food Prot., 72, 1030, 10.4315/0362-028X-72.5.1030 Sambrook, 1989 Sardiñas, 2011, Specific detection and quantification of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in wheat flour by SYBR® Green quantitative PCR, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 145, 121, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.11.041 Saxena, 2008, Patulin in apple juices: incidence and likely intake in an Indian population, Food Addit. Contam., 1, 140, 10.1080/02652030802378848 Schnerr, 2002, Correlation between DNA of trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and deoxynivalenol concentrations in wheat-samples, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 35, 121, 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01146.x Selma, 2008, Real-time PCR based procedures for detection and quantification of Aspergillus carbonarius in wine grapes, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 122, 126, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.049 Shapira, 1996, Detection of aflatoxigenic molds in grains by PCR, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 3270, 10.1128/AEM.62.9.3270-3273.1996 Snini, 2014, The gene PatG involved in the biosynthesis pathway of patulin, a food-borne mycotoxin, encodes a 6-methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 171, 77, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.020 Spadaro, 2007, Incidence and level of patulin contamination in pure and mixed apple juices marketed in Italy, Food Control., 18, 1098, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2006.07.007 Spadaro, 2011, Specific PCR primers for the detection of isolates of Aspergillus carbonarius producing ochratoxin A on grapevine, Ann. Microbiol., 61, 267, 10.1007/s13213-010-0131-3 De Sylos, 1999, Incidence of patulin in fruits and fruit juices marketed in Campinas, Brazil, Food Addit. Contam., 16, 71, 10.1080/026520399284226 Tangni, 2003, Patulin in domestic and imported apple-based drinks in Belgium: occurrence and exposure assessment, Food Addit. Contam., 20, 482, 10.1080/0265203031000093204 Tannous, 2014, Sequencing, physical organization and kinetic expression of the patulin biosynthetic gene cluster from Penicillium expansum, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 189, 51, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.07.028 Upadhaya, 2010, Mycotoxins and their biotransformation in the rumen: a review, Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 23, 1250, 10.5713/ajas.2010.r.06 Vegi, 2013, Multiplex real-time PCR method for detection and quantification of mycotoxigenic fungi belonging to three different genera, J. Food Sci., 78, M70, 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.03008.x Wang, 1991, Isolation and sequencing of a genomic DNA clone containing the 3′ terminus of the 6-methylsalicylic acid polyketide synthetase gene of Penicillium urticae, Can. J. Microbiol., 37, 86, 10.1139/m91-013 Yli-Mattila, 2011, Fusarium DNA levels as compared to mycotoxin levels in Finnish and Estonian grain samples, Plant Breed. Seed Sci., 64, 131 Yuan, 2010, Patulin content in apple products marketed in Northeast China, Food Control., 21, 1488, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.019 Zaied, 2013, Occurrence of patulin in apple-based-foods largely consumed in Tunisia, Food Control., 31, 263, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.10.005