Design and management nomograph for furrow irrigation
Tóm tắt
There exist capabilities for analyzing the behavior of surface flow and the ultimate distribution of infiltrated water in furrow irrigation. The corresponding synthesis, i.e., the selection of appropriate combinations of inflow rates, cutoff times and length of furrow — design and management, currently not so well established, is treated herein. A design-management nomograph is proposed for free draining graded furrows. This is a plot of efficiency, time of cutoff and uniformity coefficient contours each given on a length-flow rate space adjacent to one another, for a furrow with given infiltration characteristics, flow geometry, slope, roughness and required depth of application. The nomograph can be used to determine the combinations of length, time of cutoff and flow rate that would yield in optimum combination of efficiency and uniformity.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Basset D.L. 1973. A dynamic model of over land flow in border irrigation. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
Clemmens A.J. & Fangmeier D.D. 1978. Discussion of Strelkoff and Katopodes (1977). J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 104(IR3): 337–339.
Clemmens A.J. & Strelkoff T. 1979. Dimensionless advance for level-basin irrigation. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 105(IR3): 259–273.
Davis J.R. 1961. Estimating rate of advance of irrigation furrows.Transactions of the ASAE. 1: 52–57.
Elliot R.L., Walker W.R. & Skogerboe G.V. 1982. Zero-inertia modeling of furrow advance. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 108(IR3): 179–195.
Essafi B. 1983. A recursive volume balance model for continuous and surge flow irrigation. M.S. Thesis, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.
Fok Y. & Bishop A.A. 1965. Analysis of water advance in surface irrigation. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 91(IR1): 99–117.
Hart W.E., Collins H.G., Woodward G. & Humphreys A.S. 1983. Design and operation of gravity or surface systems. In: Jensen M.E. (Ed),Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems, Chapter 13. ASAE Monograph 3. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, Michigan.
Katopodes N.D. & Strelkoff T. 1977. Dimensionless solution of border irrigation advance. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 103(IR4): 401–407.
Levien S.L.A. & Souza F. 1987. Algebraic computation of flow in furrow irrigation. J. Irr. Drain. Eng.,ASCE 113(3): 367–377.
Losada A., Juana L. & Roland J. 1990. Operation diagrams for irrigation management.Agricultural Water Management 18: 289–300.
Reddy J.M. & Clyma W. 1980. Optimal design of furrow irrigation systems.Transactions of the ASAE 24: 617–623.
Shatanawi M.R. & Strelkoff T. 1984. Management contours for border irrigation. J. Irr. Drain. Eng.,ASCE 110(4): 393–399.
Souza F. 1981. Nonlinear hydrodynamic model of furrow irrigation. Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Calif., USA.
Strelkoff T. 1977. Algebraic computation of flow in border irrigation. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 103(IR3): 325–342.
Strelkoff T. and Clemmens A.J. 1981. Dimensionless stream advance in sloping borders. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE 107(IR4): 361–382.
Strelkoff T. & Shatanawi M.R. 1984. Normalized graphs of border irrigation performance. J. Irr. Drain. Eng.,ASCE 110(4): 359–375.
Strelkoff T. & Katopodes N.D. 1977. Border irrigation hydraulics with zero-inertia. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. Irr. and Drain. Div. J. 103(IR3): 325–342.
USDA 1984. Furrow irrigation, Chapt. 5, Sec. 15: Irrigation.Soil Conservation Service National Engineering Handbook. US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
Utah State University 1989.Surface Irrigation Simulation Software (SIRMOD):User's Guide. Irrigation Software Division, Department of Agricultural and Irrigation Engineering, Logan, Utah.
Walker W.R. 1989.Guidelines for Designing and Evaluating Surface Irrigation Systems. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Walker W.R. & Humphreys A.S. 1983. Kinematic wave furrow irrigation model. J. Irr. Drain. Eng.,ASCE 109(4): 377–392.
Walker W.R. & Skogerboe G.V. 1987.Surface Irrigation: Theory and Practice. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Wilke O.C. & Smerdon E.T. 1965. A solution of the irrigation advance problem. J. Irr. Drain. Div.,ASCE (IR3). 23–34.
Zerihun D. & Feyen J. 1991.FISDEV: A Software Package for Design and Evaluation of Furrow Irrigation Systems. Center for Irrigation Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.