Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine - Tập 23 Số 4 - Trang 2324-2332 - 2019
Hong Fang1, Sheng Tu1, Jifang Sheng1, Anwen Shao2
1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province China
2Department of Neurosurgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province China

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Sleep disturbance is the most prominent symptom in depressive patients and was formerly regarded as a main secondary manifestation of depression. However, many longitudinal studies have identified insomnia as an independent risk factor for the development of emerging or recurrent depression among young, middle‐aged and older adults. This bidirectional association between sleep disturbance and depression has created a new perspective that sleep problems are no longer an epiphenomenon of depression but a predictive prodromal symptom. In this review, we highlight the treatment of sleep disturbance before, during and after depression, which probably plays an important role in improving outcomes and preventing the recurrence of depression. In clinical practice, pharmacological therapies, including hypnotics and antidepressants, and non‐pharmacological therapies are typically applied. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity.

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