Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment
Tóm tắt
Sleep disturbance is the most prominent symptom in depressive patients and was formerly regarded as a main secondary manifestation of depression. However, many longitudinal studies have identified insomnia as an independent risk factor for the development of emerging or recurrent depression among young, middle‐aged and older adults. This bidirectional association between sleep disturbance and depression has created a new perspective that sleep problems are no longer an epiphenomenon of depression but a predictive prodromal symptom. In this review, we highlight the treatment of sleep disturbance before, during and after depression, which probably plays an important role in improving outcomes and preventing the recurrence of depression. In clinical practice, pharmacological therapies, including hypnotics and antidepressants, and non‐pharmacological therapies are typically applied. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Morphy H, 2007, Epidemiology of insomnia: a longitudinal study in a UK population, Sleep, 30, 274
Miller MA, 2009, Gender differences in the cross‐sectional relationships between sleep duration and markers of inflammation: Whitehall II study, Sleep, 32, 857
Borbely AA, 1982, A two process model of sleep regulation, Hum Neurobiol, 1, 195
Dzierzewski JM, 2010, Tackling sleeplessness: psychological treatment options for insomnia in older adults, Nat Sci Sleep, 2, 47
Charles J, 2009, Insomnia, Aust Fam Physician, 38, 283
Richardson GS, 2000, Managing insomnia in the primary care setting: raising the issues, Sleep, 23, S9
Cheng P, 2018, Efficacy of digital CBT for insomnia to reduce depression across demographic groups: a randomized trial, Psychol Med, 49, 1
Krystal A, 2007, Evaluation of eszopiclone discontinuation after cotherapy with fluoxetine for insomnia with coexisting depression, J Clin Sleep Med, 3, 48