Giảm mật độ cây đứng giúp tăng cường sức đề kháng, khả năng phục hồi và hồi phục của cây sồi (Quercus petraea) trong điều kiện hạn hán nghiêm trọng, đặc biệt trên các khu vực khô cằn

Allen CD, Macalady AK, Chenchouni H, Bachelet D, McDowell N, Vennetier M, Kitzberger T, Rigling A, Breshears DD, Hogg EH, Gonzalez P, Fensham R, Zhang Z, Castro J, Demidova N, Lim JH, Allard G, Running SW, Semerci A, Cobb N (2010) A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. For Ecol Manag 259:660–684 Aussenac G (2000) Interactions between forest stands and microclimate: ecophysiological aspects and consequences for silviculture. Ann For Sci 57:287–301 Aussenac G, Granier A (1988) Effects of thinning on water stress and growth in Douglas-fir. Can J For Res 18:100–105 Barbaroux C, Bréda N, Dufrêne E (2003) Distribution of above-ground and below-ground carbohydrate reserves in adult trees of two contrasting broad-leaved species (Quercus petraea and Fagus sylvatica). New Phytol 157:605–615 Becker M (1989) The role of climate on present and past vitality of silver fir forests in the Vosges mountains of northeastern France. Can J For Res 19:1110–1117 Becker M, Lévy G, Lefèvre Y (1996) Radial growth of mature pedunculate and sessile oaks in response to drainage, fertilization and weedings on acid pseudogley soils. Ann Sci For 53:585–594 Bergès L, Balandier P (2010) Revisiting the use of soil water budget assessment to predict site productivity of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) in the perspective of climate change. Eur J Forestry 129:199–208 Bergès L, Nepveu G, Franc A (2008) Effects of ecological factors on radial growth and wood density components of sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) in Northern France. For Ecol Manag 255:567–579 Biondi F, Qeadan F (2008) A theory-driven approach to tree-ring standardization: defining the biological trend from expected basal area increment. Tree Ring Res 64:81–96 Bréda N, Badeau V (2008) Forest tree responses to extreme drought and some biotic events: towards a selection according to hazard tolerance? Compt Rendus Geosci 340:651–662 Bréda N, Granier A, Aussenac G (1995) Effects of thinning on soil and tree water relations, transpiration and growth in an oak forest (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Tree Physiol 15:295–306 Bréda N, Huc R, Granier A, Dreyer E (2006) Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences. Ann For Sci 63:625–644 Bunn AG (2008) A dendrochronology program library in R (dplR). Dendrochronologia 26:115–124 Cailleret M, Jansen S, Robert ER, DeSoto L, Aakala T, Antos JA et al (2016) A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality. Glob Chang Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13535:1-16 Castagneri D, Nola P, Cherubini P, Motta R (2012) Temporal variability of size-growth relationships in a Norway spruce forest: the influences of stand structure, logging, and climate. Can J For Res 42:550–560 D’Amato AW, Bradford JB, Fraver S, Palik BJ (2011) Forest management for mitigation and adaptation to climate change: insights from long-term silviculture experiments. For Ecol Manag 262:803–816 D’Amato AW, Bradford JB, Fraver S, Palik BJ (2013) Effects of thinning on drought vulnerability and climate response in north temperate forest ecosystems. Ecol Appl 23:1735–1742 Davi H, Barbaroux C, Francois C, Dufrene E (2009) The fundamental role of reserves and hydraulic constraints in predicting LAI and carbon allocation in forests. Agric For Meteorol 149:349–361 Delpierre N, Vitasse Y, Chuine I, Guillemot J, Bazot S, Rutishauser T, Rathgeber CBK (2016) Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models. Ann For Sci 73:5–25 Friedrichs DA, Trouet V, Buntgen U, Frank DC, Esper J, Neuwirth B, Loffler J (2009) Species-specific climate sensitivity of tree growth in Central-West Germany. Trees Struct Funct 23:729–739 Gea-Izquierdo G, Martin-Benito D, Cherubini P, Canellas I (2009) Climate-growth variability in Quercus ilex L. west Iberian open woodlands of different stand density. Ann For Sci 66:802 Granier A, Bréda N, Biron P, Villette S (1999) A lumped water balance model to evaluate duration and intensity of drought constraints in forest stands. Ecol Model:269–283 Guillemot J, Martin-StPaul NK, Dufrene E, Francois C, Soudani K, Ourcival JM, Delpierre N (2015) The dynamic of the annual carbon allocation to wood in European tree species is consistent with a combined source-sink limitation of growth: implications for modelling. Biogeosciences 12:2773–2790 Guilley E, Herve JC, Huber F, Nepveu G (1999) Modelling variability of within-ring density components in Quercus petraea Liebl. with mixed-effect models and simulating the influence of contrasting silvicultures on wood density. Ann For Sci 56:449–458 Guiot J (1991) The bootstrapped response function. Tree-Ring Bull 51:39–41 Gunderson LH (2000) Ecological resilience - in theory and application. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 31:425–439 Gustafson EJ, Sturtevant BR (2013) Modeling forest mortality caused by drought stress: implications for climate change. Ecosystems 16:60–74 Gutschick V.P. and BassiriRad H., 2003. Extreme events as shaping physiology, ecology , and evolution of plants : toward a unified definition and evaluation of their consequences. Tansley Review, New Phytologist 21-42. Jentsch A, Beierkuhnlein C (2008) Research frontiers in climate change: effects of extreme meteorological events on ecosystems. Compt Rendus Geosci 340:621–628 Kohler M, Sohn J, Nagele G, Bauhus J (2010) Can drought tolerance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) be increased through thinning? Eur J For Res 129:1109–1118 Kremer A, Petit RJ (1993) Gene diversity in natural populations of oak species. Ann Sci For 50:186s–202s Le Goff N, Ottorini JM, Ningre F (2011) Evaluation and comparison of size-density relationships for pure even-aged stands of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), beech (Fagus silvatica L.), oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.), and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Ann For Sci 68:461–475 Lê S, Husson F (2008) FactoMineR: an R package for Multivariate Analysis. J Stat Softw 25:1–18 Lebourgeois F, Cousseau G, Ducos Y (2004) Climate-tree-growth relationships of Quercus petraea Mill. stand in the Forest of Berce (“Futaie des Clos”, Sarthe, France). Ann For Sci 61:361–372 Lebourgeois F, Gomez N, Pinto P, Mérian P (2013) Mixed stands reduce Abies alba tree-ring sensitivity to summer drought in the Vosges mountains, Western Europe. For Ecol Manag 303:61–71 Lebourgeois F, Eberlé P, Mérian P, Seynave I (2014) Social status-mediated tree-ring responses to climate of Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica shift in importance with increasing stand basal area. For Ecol Manag 328:209–2018 Lenth RV (2016) Least-Squares Means: The R Package lsmeans. J Stat Softw 69:1–33 Lévy G, Becker M, Duhamel D (1992) A comparison of the ecology of pedunculate and sessile oaks: radial growth in the centre and northwest of France. For Ecol Manag 55:51–63 Lindner M, Maroschek M, Netherer S, Kremer A, Barbati A, Garcia-Gonzalo J, Seidl R, Delzon S, Corona P, Kolstrom M, Lexer MJ, Marchetti M (2010) Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems. For Ecol Manag 259:698–709 Liu Y, Muller RN (1993) Effect of drought and frost on radial growth of overstory and understory stems in a deciduous forest. Am Midl Nat 129:19–25 Lloret F, Keeling EG, Sala A (2011) Components of tree resilience: effects of successive low-growth episodes in old ponderosa pine forests. Oikos 120:1909–1920 Lloret F, Escudero A, Iriondo JM, Martinez-Vilalta J, Valladares F (2012) Extreme climatic events and vegetation: the role of stabilizing processes. Glob Chang Biol 18:797–805 Magruder M, Chhin S, Palik B, Bradford JB (2013) Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine. Can J For Res 43:878–889 Martin-Benito D, Cherubini P, del Rio M, Canellas I (2008) Growth response to climate and drought in Pinus nigra Arn. trees of different crown classes. Trees Struct Funct 22:363–373 Martin-Benito D, Del Rio M, Heinrich I, Helle G, Canellas I (2010) Response of climate-growth relationships and water use efficiency to thinning in a Pinus nigra afforestation. For Ecol Manag 259:967–975 Martin-Benito D, Kint V, del Rio M, Muys B, Canellas I (2011) Growth responses of West-Mediterranean Pinus nigra to climate change are modulated by competition and productivity: Past trends and future perspectives. For Ecol Manag 262:1030–1040 Martinez-Vilalta J, Lopez BC, Loepfe L, Lloret F (2012) Stand- and tree-level determinants of the drought response of Scots pine radial growth. Oecologia 168:877–888 Mérian P (2012) POINTER et DENDRO : deux applications sous R pour l’analyse de la réponse des arbres au climat par approche dendroécologique. Revue Forestière Française 64:789–798 Mérian P, Lebourgeois F (2011a) Consequences of decreasing the number of cored trees per plot on chronology statistics and climate-growth relationships: a multispecies analysis in a temperate climate. Can J For Res 41:2413–2422 Mérian P, Lebourgeois F (2011b) Size-mediated climate–growth relationships in temperate forests: a multi-species analysis. For Ecol Manag 261:1382–1391 Mérian P, Bontemps JD, Bergès L, Lebourgeois F (2011) Spatial variation and temporal instability in climate-growth relationships of sessile oak (Quercus petraea [Matt.] Liebl.) under temperate conditions. Plant Ecol 212:1855–1871 Merlin M, Pérot T, Perret S, Korboulewsky N, Vallet P (2015) Effects of stand composition and tree size on resistance and resilience to drought in sessile oak and Scots pine. For Ecol Manag 339:22–33 Meyer FD, Bräker OU (2001) Climate response in dominant and suppressed spruce trees, Picea abies (L.) Karst., on a subalpine and lower montane site in Switzerland. Ecoscience 8:105–114 Michelot A, Simard S, Rathgeber C, Dufrene E, Damesin C (2012) Comparing the intra-annual wood formation of three European species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea and Pinus sylvestris) as related to leaf phenology and non-structural carbohydrate dynamics. Tree Physiol 32:1033–1045 Misson L, Nicault A, Guiot J (2003a) Effects of different thinning intensities on drought response in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). For Ecol Manag 183:47–60 Misson L, Vincke C, Devillez F (2003b) Frequency responses of radial growth series after different thinning intensities in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands. For Ecol Manag 177:51–63 Neumann M, Mues V, Moreno A, Hasenauer H, Seidl R (2017) Climate variability drives recent tree mortality in Europe. Glob Chang Biol 23:4788–4797 Novak J, Slodičák M, Kacálek D, Dušek D (2010) The effect of different stand density on diameter growth response in Scots pine stands in relation to climate situations. J For Sci 56:461–473 Olivar J, Bogino S, Spiecker H, Bravo F (2012) Climate impact on growth dynamic and intra-annual density fluctuations in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) trees of different crown classes. Dendrochronologia 30:35–47 Orwig DA, Abrams MD (1997) Variation in radial growth responses to drought among species, site, and canopy strata. Trees Struct Funct 11:474–484 Pérez-de-Lis G, Garcia-Gonzalez I, Rozas V, Arevalo JR (2011) Effects of thinning intensity on radial growth patterns and temperature sensitivity in Pinus canariensis afforestations on Tenerife Island. Spain Ann For Sci 68:1093–1104 Perez-de-Lis G, Olano JM, Rozas V, Rossi S, Vazquez-Ruiz RA, Garcia-Gonzalez I (2017) Environmental conditions and vascular cambium regulate carbon allocation to xylem growth in deciduous oaks. Funct Ecol 31:592–603 Pichler P, Oberhuber W (2007) Radial growth response of coniferous forest trees in an inner Alpine environment to heat-wave in 2003. For Ecol Manag 242:688–699 Pretzsch H, Schutze G, Uhl E (2013) Resistance of European tree species to drought stress in mixed versus pure forests: evidence of stress release by inter-specific facilitation. Plant Biol 15:483–495 Pretzsch H, del Río M, Biber P, Arcangeli C, Bielak K, Brang P, Dudzinska M, Forrester DI, Klädtke J, Kohnle U, Ledermann T, Matthews R, Nagel J, Nagel R, Nilsson U, Ningre F, Nord-Larsen T, Wernsdörfer H, Sycheva E (2019) Maintenance of long-term experiments for unique insights into forest growth dynamics and trends: review and perspectives. Eur J For Res 138:165–185 Rebetez M, Mayer H, Dupont O, Schindler D, Gartner K, Kropp JP, Menzel A (2006) Heat and drought 2003 in Europe: a climate synthesis. Ann For Sci 63:569–577 Reineke LH (1933) Perfecting a Stand-density Index for Even-aged Forests. J Agric Res 46:627–638 Ruiz-Benito P, Ratcliffe S, Zavala MA, Martinez-Vilalta J, Vila-Cabrera A, Lloret F, Madrigal-Gonzalez J, Wirth C, Greenwood S, Kandler G, Lehtonen A, Kattge J, Dahlgren J, Jump AS (2017) Climate- and successional-related changes in functional composition of European forests are strongly driven by tree mortality. Glob Chang Biol 23:4162–4176 Saenz-Romero C, Lamy JB, Ducousso A, Musch B, Ehrenmann F, Delzon S, Cavers S, Chalupka W, Dagdas S, Hansen JK, Lee SJ, Liesebach M, Rau HM, Psomas A, Schneck V, Steiner W, Zimmermann NE, Kremer A (2017) Adaptive and plastic responses of Quercus petraea populations to climate across Europe. Glob Chang Biol 23:2831–2847 Sánchez-Salgueroa R, Carlos Linares JC, Camarero J, Madrigal-González J, Heviae A, Sánchez-Miranda A, Ballesteros-Cánovas JA, Alfaro-Sánchez R, García-Cervigón AI, Bigler C, Rigling A (2015) Disentangling the effects of competition and climate on individual tree growth: a retrospective and dynamic approach in Scots pine. For Ecol Manag 358:12–25 Schar C, Vidale PL, Luthi D, Frei C, Haberli C, Liniger MA, Appenzeller C (2004) The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature 427:332–336 Schmitt A. 2017. Effect of forest management on sessile oak (Quercus petrea) response to climate: a dendroecological approach. Master FAGE Biology and Ecology for Forest, Agriculture and Environment MSc Major Forests and their Environment (FEN), 38 p. Seynave I, Bailly A, Balandier P, Bontemps JD, Cailly P, Cordonnier T, Deleuze C, Dhote JF, Ginisty C, Lebourgeois F, Merzeau D, Paillassa E, Perret S, Richter C, Meredieu C (2018) GIS Coop: networks of silvicultural trials for supporting forest management under changing environment. Ann For Sci 75:1–20 Sohn JA, Kohler M, Gessler A, Bauhus J (2012) Interactions of thinning and stem height on the drought response of radial stem growth and isotopic composition of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Tree Physiol 32:1199–1213 Sohn JA, Gebhardt T, Ammer C, Bauhus J, Haberle KH, Matyssek R, Grams TEE (2013) Mitigation of drought by thinning: short-term and long-term effects on growth and physiological performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies). For Ecol Manag 308:188–197 Sohn JA, Saha S, Bauhus J (2016) Potential of forest thinning to mitigate drought stress: A meta-analysis. For Ecol Manag 380:261–273 Sterl A, Severijns C, Dijkstra H, Hazeleger W, Jan van Oldenborgh G, van den Broeke M, Burgers G, van den Hurk B, Jan van Leeuwen P, van Velthoven P (2008) When can we expect extremely high surface temperatures? Geophys Res Lett 35:L14703 Thornthwaite C.W. and Mather J.R., 1955. The water balance. Drexel Institute of Climatology Laboratory, Climatology publication 8: 1-104. Timbal J, Aussenac G (1996) An overview of ecology and silviculture of indigenous oaks in France. Ann Sci For 53:649–661 Toth B, Weynants M, Nemes A, Mako A, Bilas G, Toth G (2015) New generation of hydraulic pedotransfer functions for Europe. Eur J Soil Sci 66:226–238 Trouvé R, Bontemps JD, Collet C, Seynave I, Lebourgeois F (2014) Growth partitioning in forest stands is affected by stand density and summer drought in sessile oak and Douglas-fir. For Ecol Manag 334:358–368 Trouvé R, Bontemps JD, Seynave I, Collet C, Lebourgeois F (2015) Stand density, tree social status and water stress influence allocation in height and diameter growth of Quercus petraea (Liebl.). Tree Physiol 35:1035–1046 Trouvé R, Bontemps JD, Collet C, Seynave I, Lebourgeois F (2016) Radial growth resilience of sessile oak after drought is affected by site water status, stand density, and social status. Trees Struct Funct 31:517–529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1479-1 Trouvé R, Bontemps JD, Seynave I, Collet C, Lebourgeois F (2019) When do dendrometric rules fail? Insights from 20 years of experimental thinnings on sessile oak in the GIS Coop network. For Ecol Manag 433:276–286 Turc L (1961) Evaluation des besoins en eau d’irrigation. Evapotranspiration potentielle. Annales Agronomiques 12:13–49 Tyree MT, Cochard H (1996) Summer and winter embolism in oak: impact on water relations. Ann Sci For 53:173–180 Van Den Brakel JA, Visser H (1996) The influence of environmental conditions on tree-ring series of Norway spruce for different canopy and vitality classes. For Sci 42:206–219 Vidal JP, Martin E, Franchisteguy L, Habets F, Soubeyroux JM, Blanchard M, Baillon M (2010) Multilevel and multiscale drought reanalysis over France with the Safran-Isba-Modcou hydrometeorological suite. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 14:459–478 Vose JM, Swank WT (1994) Effects of long-term drought on the hydrology and growth of a white-pine plantation in the southern Appalachians. For Ecol Manag 64:25–39 Zang C, Biondi F (2013) Dendroclimatic calibration in R: the bootRes package for response and correlation function analysis. Dendrochronologia 31:68–74 Zang C, Pretzsch H, Rothe A (2012) Size-dependent responses to summer drought in Scots pine, Norway spruce and common oak. Trees Struct Funct 26:557–569 Zhang SY, Owoundi RY, Nepveu G, Mothe F, Dhôte JF (1993) Modelling wood density in European oak (Quercus petraea and Quercus robur) and simulating the silvicultural influence. Can J For Res 23:2587–2593