Deconstructing the molecular portraits of breast cancer
Tóm tắt
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in terms of histology, therapeutic response, dissemination patterns to distant sites, and patient outcomes. Global gene expression analyses using high‐throughput technologies have helped to explain much of this heterogeneity and provided important new classifications of cancer patients. In the last decade, genomic studies have established five breast cancer intrinsic subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2‐enriched, Claudin‐low, Basal‐like) and a Normal Breast‐like group. In this review, we dissect the most recent data on this genomic classification of breast cancer with a special focus on the Claudin‐low subtype, which appears enriched for mesenchymal and stem cell features. In addition, we discuss how the combination of standard clinical‐pathological markers with the information provided by these genomic entities might help further understand the biological complexity of this disease, increase the efficacy of current and novel therapies, and ultimately improve outcomes for breast cancer patients.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Deisenroth C. Thorner A.R. Enomoto T. Perou C.M. Zhang Y. Mitochondrial HEP27 is a c-Myb target gene that inhibits Mdm2 and Stabilizes p53. Mol. Cell Biol. 30 3981–93.
Dowsett M Cuzick J Wales C Forbes J Mallon L Salter J Quinn E Bugarini R Baehner F Shak S. Risk of distant recurrence using oncotype DX in postmenopausal primary breast cancer patients treated with anastrozole or tamoxifen: a TransATAC study. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symp. 2008:abstract 53 (2008).
Eisinger F., 1998, Mutations at BRCA1: the medullary breast carcinoma revisited, Cancer Res, 58, 1588
Hennessy B. Gonzalez-Angulo A. Stemke-Hale K. Gilcrease M. Krishnamurthy S. Lee J. Fridlyand J. Mills G. Characterization of a naturally occurring breast cancer subset enriched in EMT and stem cell characteristics. Cancer Res. in press.
Hollestelle A., 2009, Distinct gene mutation profiles among luminal-type and basal-type breast cancer cell lines, Breast Cancer Res. Treat
2006 B. Kaufman J. Mackey M. Clemens P. Bapsy A. Vaid A. Wardley S. Tjulandin M. Jahn M. Lehle A. Jones Trastuzumab Plus Anastrozole Prolongs Progression-free Survival in Postmenopausal Women with HER2-positive Hormone-dependent Metastatic Breast Cancer
La Vecchia C. Bosetti C. Lucchini F. Bertuccio P. Negri E. Boyle P. Levi F. Cancer mortality in Europe 2000–2004 and an overview of trends since 1975. Ann. Oncol. in press.
Parker J Prat A Cheang M Lenburg M Paik S Perou C. Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes Predict Response to Anthracycline/taxane-based Chemotherapy. San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2009a:(abstract 2019).
Pietras R., 1995, HER-2 tyrosine kinase pathway targets estrogen receptor and promotes hormone-independent growth in human breast cancer cells, Oncogene, 10, 2435
Podo F. Buydens L.M.C. Degani H. Hilhorst R. Klipp E. Gribbestad I.S. Van Huffel S. W.M. van Laarhoven H. Luts J. Monleon D. Postma G.J Schneiderhan-Marra N. Santoro F. Wouters H. Russnes H.G. Sørlie T. Tagliabue E. Børresen-Dale A.-L. Triple-negative breast cancer: present challenges and new perspectives. Mol. Oncol. 4 209–29.
Resetkova E. Reis-Filho J. Jain R. Mehta R. Thorat M. Nakshatri H. Badve S. Prognostic impact of ALDH1 in breast cancer: a story of stem cells and tumor microenvironment. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. in press.
Suspitsin E., 2009, Mixed epithelial/mesenchymal metaplastic carcinoma (carcinosarcoma) of the breast in BRCA1 carrier, Breast Cancer
Lyon Press WHO Classification of Tumors