DEVELOPMENTAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE TOBACCO HORNWORM MANDUCA SEXTA AND ITS BRACONID PARASITE APANTELES CONGREGATUS1

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata - Tập 23 Số 2 - Trang 139-151 - 1978
Nancy E. Beckage1, Lynn M. Riddiford1
1Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A.

Tóm tắt

After newly hatched Manduca sexta larvae were parasitized by Apanteles congregatus, the wasps emerged from third, fourth, fifth, or supernumerary sixth stage host larvae. The number of parasites present within a host determined the time required for Apanteles development and the final host instar. In addition, the percent of parasites within a host which successfully completed their development and emerged was determined by the parasite load. Parasitized larvae gained weight more slowly and attained lower final weights than did unparasitized control larvae; this was attributed to reduced food consumption by the parasitized larvae. Following parasitization of freshly ecdysed fifth‐instar Manduca larvae, the rate of Apanteles development was accelerated with respect to that observed when young larvae served as hosts. Parasitism also induced developmental changes in Manduca larvae which encapsulated Apanteles and from which no parasites emerged. Our findings suggest that such larvae retain high juvenile titers late in larval life, preventing normal metamorphosis.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGWECHSELWIRKUNGEN BEI DER ENTWICKLUNG DES TABAKSCHWÄRMERS, MANDUCA SEXTA, UND SEINES PARASITEN, DES BRACONIDEN APANTELES CONGREGATUSNachdem frischgeschlupfte Manduca sexta Raupen durch Apanteles congregatus parasitiert worden waren, schlüpften Wespen aus dem dritten, vierten, funften oder aus einem überzähligen sechsten Raupenstadium des Wirts. Die Zahl der Parasiten in einem Wirt bestimmte die für die Entwicklung von Apanteles erforderliche Zeit und das Endraupenstadium des Wirts. Zudem wurde der Prozentsatz der Parasiten, die in einem Wirt erfolgreich ihre Entwicklung abschlossen und schlupften, durch die Parasitenzahl bestimmt. Parasitierte Raupen nahmen langsamer an Gewicht zu und erreichten ein geringeres Endgewicht als nichtparasitierte Vergleichsraupen; dies wurde auf geringere Futteraufnahme der parasitierten Raupen zurückgefuhrt. Nach der Parasitierung von Manduca Raupen direkt nach der funften Hautung war die Entwicklungsgeschwindigkeit von Apanteles beschleunigt im Vergleich zu derjenigen in parasitierten Jungraupen. Die Parasitierung verursachte auch Entwicklungsanderungen in Manduca‐Raupen, die Apanteles einkapselten und aus denen keine Parasiten schlupften Unsere Beobachtungen deuten an, dass solche Raupen einen hohen Juveniltiter bis spat in der Raupenentwicklung behalten, was eine normale Metamorphose verhindert.

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Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata

Tập 23 Số 2

139-151

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