DETERMINING REFERENCE CONDITIONS FOR ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF SOUTHWESTERN PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS

Ecological Applications - Tập 7 Số 3 - Trang 895-908 - 1997
Peter Z. Fulé1, W. Wallace Covington1, Margaret M. Moore1
1Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011 USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

S. F. Arno, M. G. Harrington, C. E. Fiedler, and C. E. Carlson .1995a.Restoring fire-dependent ponderosa pine forests in western Montana .Restoration and Management Notes,13, 1, 32 -36 .

10.1139/x90-208

F. BiondiIn press.Decadal-scale dynamics at the Gus Pearson Natural Area: evidence for inverse asymmetric competition? Canadian Journal of Forest Research .

10.1139/x94-176

10.2307/2269460

10.2307/1932235

10.1300/J091v02n01_02

W. W. Covington, P. Z. Fule, M. M. Moore, S. C. Hart, T. E. Kolb, J. N. Mast, S. S. Sackett, and M. R. Wagner .In press.Restoration of ecosystem health in southwestern ponderosa pine forests .Journal of Forestry .

W. W. Covington, and M. M. Moore .1994a.Southwestern ponderosa forest structure and resource conditions: changes since Euro-American settlement .Journal of Forestry,92, 1, 39 -47 .

10.1300/J091v02n01_07

W. W. Covington, and S. S. Sackett .1984 .The effect of a prescribed burn in southwestern ponderosa pine on organic matter and nutrients in woody debris and forest floor .Forest Science,30:183 -192 .

10.1177/095968369100100201

10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60158-0

J. R. Habeck, 1990 .Old-growth ponderosa pine-western larch forests in western Montana: ecology and management .Northwest Environmental Journal,6:271 -292 .

10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60121-X

M. G. Harrington, 1985 .The effects of spring, summer, and fall burning on Gambel oak in a southwestern ponderosa pine stand .Forest Science,31, 1, 156 -163 .

10.1139/x92-040

10.2307/2937313

10.1097/00010694-194912000-00001

T. E. Kolb, M. R. Wagner, and W. W. Covington .1994 .Concepts of forest health .Journal of Forestry,92:10 -15 .

A. Leopold, 1937 .Conservationist in Mexico .American Forests,37:118-120 -146 .

10.1016/0378-1127(94)03514-W

M. H. Madany, T. W. Swetnam, and N. E. West .1982 .Comparison of two approaches for determining fire dates from tree scars .Forest Science,28:856 -861 .

D. Meko, C. W. Stockton, and W. R. Boggess .1995 .The tree-ring record of severe sustained drought .Water Resources Bulletin,31, 5, 789 -801 .

10.1300/J091v02n01_04

10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89074-6

10.2307/1938649

10.2307/1938620

10.2307/1940407