DAMPs, PAMPs và alarmins: tất cả những gì chúng ta cần biết về sự nguy hiểm
Tóm tắt
Động vật đa bào phát hiện các tác nhân gây bệnh thông qua một loạt các thụ thể nhận biết các mẫu phân tử liên kết với tác nhân gây bệnh (PAMPs). Tuy nhiên, tác nhân gây bệnh không phải là tác nhân duy nhất gây ra tổn thương mô và tế bào: chấn thương cũng là một yếu tố. Bằng chứng đang gia tăng cho thấy chấn thương và tổn thương mô liên quan được nhận biết ở cấp độ tế bào thông qua việc phát hiện các protein trong tế bào được phóng thích bởi các tế bào chết thông qua các thụ thể. Thuật ngữ “alarmin” được đề xuất để phân loại những phân tử nội sinh này báo hiệu tổn thương mô và tế bào. Thú vị thay, các tế bào tác động của miễn dịch bẩm sinh và miễn dịch thích ứng có thể tiết ra alarmins thông qua các con đường không cổ điển và thường làm như vậy khi chúng được kích hoạt bởi PAMPs hoặc các alarmins khác. Do đó, alarmins nội sinh và PAMPs bên ngoài truyền tải một thông điệp tương tự và tạo ra các phản ứng tương tự; chúng có thể được coi là các nhóm con của một tập hợp lớn hơn, các mẫu phân tử liên quan đến tổn thương (DAMPs).
Từ khóa
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