Các triển vọng hiện tại về năng lượng hạt nhân như một lựa chọn giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu toàn cầu

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 24 - Trang 749-777 - 2018
Diana Silva Siqueira1, Josué de Almeida Meystre1, Maicon Queiroz Hilário1, Danilo Henrique Donato Rocha1, Genésio José Menon1, Rogério José da Silva1
1Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá, Brazil

Tóm tắt

Nguồn phát thải khí nhà kính (GHG) chính là nhiên liệu hóa thạch với khoảng 66% thị phần trong tổng sản xuất điện toàn cầu. Dù phải đối mặt với nhiều thách thức hiện nay, năng lượng hạt nhân được coi là một công nghệ hiệu quả có thể được sử dụng để giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu với những đặc điểm cụ thể làm nền tảng cho cam kết của một số quốc gia trong việc duy trì nó như một lựa chọn tương lai. Nhiều nghiên cứu cho thấy tác động của các chính sách tối thiểu hóa đầu tư và sự thay thế các nhà máy điện hạt nhân bằng năng lượng tái tạo. Điều này ngụ ý những ảnh hưởng kinh tế đến giá điện, dẫn đến việc tăng cường sử dụng nhiên liệu hóa thạch gây ra các vấn đề sức khỏe liên quan đến ô nhiễm không khí và gia tăng chi phí để giảm lượng carbon phát thải trên toàn cầu. Bài báo này trình bày một đánh giá có hệ thống về triển vọng đầu tư năng lượng hạt nhân được các quốc gia áp dụng như một lựa chọn chiến lược để giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu và định lượng một loạt giá trị phát thải carbon dioxide (CO2) có thể tránh được bằng cách sử dụng yếu tố phát thải của các nhà máy điện đốt than làm tham chiếu.

Từ khóa

#năng lượng hạt nhân #biến đổi khí hậu #phát thải khí nhà kính #công nghệ năng lượng #năng lượng tái tạo

Tài liệu tham khảo

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