Current knowledge and future directions of TLR and NOD signaling in sepsis

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 2 - Trang 1-10 - 2015
Niamh M Foley1, Jian Wang2, H Paul Redmond1, Jiang Huai Wang1
1Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

Tóm tắt

The incidence of sepsis is increasing over time, along with an increased risk of dying from the condition. Sepsis care costs billions annually in the United States. Death from sepsis is understood to be a complex process, driven by a lack of normal immune homeostatic functions and excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which leads to multi-organ failure. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, one of whose members was initially discovered in Drosophila, performs an important role in the recognition of microbial pathogens. These pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), upon sensing invading microorganisms, activate intracellular signal transduction pathways. NOD signaling is also involved in the recognition of bacteria and acts synergistically with the TLR family in initiating an efficient immune response for the eradication of invading microbial pathogens. TLRs and NOD1/NOD2 respond to different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Modulation of both TLR and NOD signaling is an area of research that has prompted much excitement and debate as a therapeutic strategy in the management of sepsis. Molecules targeting TLR and NOD signaling pathways exist but regrettably thus far none have proven efficacy from clinical trials.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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