Current knowledge about the risks and benefits of raw meat–based diets for dogs and cats

Schlesinger, 2011, Raw food diets in companion animals: a critical review, 52, 50

Strohmeyer, 2006, Evaluation of bacterial and protozoal contamination of commercially available raw meat diets for dogs, 228, 537, 10.2460/javma.228.4.537

Billinghurst, 1993

Schultze, 1998

Volhard, 1995

Pitout, 2003, Association between handling of pet treats and infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Newport expressing the AmpC beta-lactamase, CMY-2, 41, 4578, 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4578-4582.2003

Clark, 2001, Characterization of Salmonella associated with pig ear dog treats in Canada, 39, 3962, 10.1128/JCM.39.11.3962-3968.2001

White, 2003, Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Salmonella serovars isolated from animal-derived dog treats in the USA, 52, 860, 10.1093/jac/dkg441

Finley, 2008, The occurrence and antimicrobial sensitivity of salmonellae isolated from commercially available pig ear pet treats, 55, 455

Freeman, 2013, Nutritional and microbial analysis of bully sticks and survey of opinions about pet treats, 54, 50

de-Oliveira, 2008, Effects of six carbohydrate sources on diet digestibility and postprandial glucose and insulin response in cats, 86, 2237, 10.2527/jas.2007-0354

Hazewinkel, 1991, Calcium metabolism in Great Dane dogs fed diets with various calcium and phosphorus levels, 121, S99, 10.1093/jn/121.suppl_11.S99

Meyer, 1999, Digestibility and compatibility of mixed diets and faecal consistency in different breeds of dog, 46, 155, 10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00201.x

Axelsson, 2013, The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet, 495, 360, 10.1038/nature11837

2012

Nestle, 2010

Steel, 1997, Thiamine deficiency in a cat associated with the preservation of “pet meat” with sulphur dioxide, 75, 719, 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1997.tb12252.x

Boermans, 2007, Mycotoxins and the pet food industry: toxicological evidence and risk assessment, 119, 95, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.063

Morita, 1995, Vitamin-D toxicosis in cats: natural outbreak and experimental study, 57, 831, 10.1292/jvms.57.831

Bernard, 2004

Dijcker, 2012, Dietary and animal-related factors associate with the rate of urinary oxalate and calcium excretion in dogs and cats, 171, 46, 10.1136/vr.100293

Crissey, 1997, Use of a raw meat-based diet or a dry kibble diet for sand cats (Felis margarita), 75, 2154, 10.2527/1997.7582154x

Vester, 2010, Influence of feeding raw or extruded feline diets on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of African wildcats (Felis lybica), 29, 676, 10.1002/zoo.20305

Kerr, 2012, Apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations of domestic cats fed extruded, raw beef-based, and cooked beef-based diets, 90, 515, 10.2527/jas.2010-3266

Hendriks, 1999, Heat processing changes the protein quality of canned cat foods as measured by a rat bioassay, 77, 669, 10.2527/1999.773669x

Williams, 2006, Lysine content in canine diets can be severely heat damaged, 136, 1998S, 10.1093/jn/136.7.1998S

Rutherfurd, 2007, Available (ileal digestible reactive) lysine in selected pet foods, 55, 3517, 10.1021/jf062919t

Meade, 2005, The impact of processing on the nutritional quality of food proteins, 88, 904, 10.1093/jaoac/88.3.904

Friedman, 1996, Food browning and its prevention: an overview, 44, 631, 10.1021/jf950394r

Damodaran, 1996, Amino acids, peptides and proteins, 321

2006, National Research Council Ad Hoc Committee on Dogs and Cats

Larsson, 2006, Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies, 119, 2657, 10.1002/ijc.22170

Sugimura, 2004, Heterocyclic amines: mutagens/carcinogens produced during cooking of meat and fish, 95, 290, 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03205.x

Knize, 2003, Mutagenic activity and heterocyclic amine carcinogens in commercial pet foods, 539, 195, 10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00164-5

Freeman, 2001, Evaluation of raw food diets (Erratum published in J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 218:1716), 218, 705

Taylor, 2009, Diffuse osteopenia and myelopathy in a puppy fed a diet composed of an organic premix and raw ground beef, 234, 1041, 10.2460/javma.234.8.1041

Dillitzer, 2011, Intake of minerals, trace elements and vitamins in bone and raw food rations in adults dogs, 106, S53, 10.1017/S0007114511002765

Larsen, 2012, Evaluation of recipes for home-prepared diets for dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease, 240, 532, 10.2460/javma.240.5.532

Heinze, 2012, Assessment of commercial diets and recipes for home-prepared diets recommended for dogs with cancer, 241, 1453, 10.2460/javma.241.11.1453

Stockman, 2013, Evaluation of recipes of home-prepared maintenance diets for dogs, 242, 1500, 10.2460/javma.242.11.1500

KuKanich, 2011, Update on Salmonella spp contamination of pet food, treats, and nutritional products and safe feeding recommendations, 238, 1430, 10.2460/javma.238.11.1430

LeJeune, 2001, Public health concerns associated with feeding raw meat diets to dogs, 219, 1222, 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1222

Joffe, 2002, Preliminary assessment of the risk of Salmonella infection in dogs fed raw chicken diets, 43, 441

Weese, 2005, Bacteriological evaluation of commercial canine and feline raw diets, 46, 513

Finley, 2008, The occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonellae isolated from commercially available canine raw food diets in three Canadian cities, 55, 462, 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01147.x

Lenz, 2009, Perceptions, practices, and consequences associated with foodborne pathogens and the feeding of raw meat to dogs, 50, 637

Selmi, 2011, Contaminated commercial dehydrated food as source of multiple Salmonella serotypes outbreak in a municipal kennel in Tuscany, 47, 183

Behravesh, 2010, Human Salmonella infections linked to contaminated dry dog and cat food, 2006–2008, 126, 477, 10.1542/peds.2009-3273

Chengappa, 1993, Prevalence of Salmonella in raw meat used in diets of racing Greyhounds, 5, 372, 10.1177/104063879300500312

Stiver, 2003, Septicemic salmonellosis in two cats fed a raw-meat diet, 39, 538, 10.5326/0390538

Leonard, 2011, Evaluation of pet-related management factors and the risk of Salmonella spp. carriage in pet dogs from volunteer households in Ontario (2005–2006), 58, 140, 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01320.x

Morley, 2006, Evaluation of the association between feeding raw meat and Salmonella enterica infections at a Greyhound breeding facility, 228, 1524, 10.2460/javma.228.10.1524

Cui, 2005, Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp and Salmonella serovars in organic chicken from Maryland retail stores, 71, 4108, 10.1128/AEM.71.7.4108-4111.2005

Bohaychuk, 2006, Occurrence of pathogens in raw and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products collected from the retail marketplace in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 69, 2176, 10.4315/0362-028X-69.9.2176

M'ikanatha, 2010, Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from retail chicken meat compared with human clinical isolates, 7, 929, 10.1089/fpd.2009.0499

Lestari, 2009, Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars in conventional and organic chicken from Louisiana retail stores, 72, 1165, 10.4315/0362-028X-72.6.1165

Cook, 2012, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli prevalence, enumeration, and subtypes on retail chicken breasts with and without skin, 75, 34, 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-206

Zhao, 2002, Occurrence of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104A in retail ground beef, 65, 403, 10.4315/0362-028X-65.2.403

Mollenkopf, 2011, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli harboring blaCMY in retail beef and pork products, 8, 333, 10.1089/fpd.2010.0701

Smielewska-Los, 2002, The influence of feeding and maintenance system on the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs, 5, 231

Lopes, 2008, Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal, 155, 184, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.05.007

Dubey, 2005, Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers, 91, 1082, 10.1645/GE-683.1

Antolova, 2009, The first finding of Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs in Slovakia: an emerging risk for spreading of infection, 56, 53, 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01154.x

Pao, 2009, Comparison of the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties from Internet and local retail markets, 72, 1722, 10.4315/0362-028X-72.8.1722

Rumbeiha, 2011, A review of class I and class II pet food recalls involving chemical contaminants from 1996 to 2008, 7, 60, 10.1007/s13181-010-0123-5

LaFlamme, 2008, Pet feeding practices of dog and cat owners in the United States and Australia, 232, 687, 10.2460/javma.232.5.687

Michel, 2005, Nutritional requirements across the species, 43

Dressman, 1986, Comparison of canine and human gastrointestinal physiology, 3, 123, 10.1023/A:1016353705970

Aymerich, 2008, Decontamination technologies for meat products, 78, 114, 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.07.007

Baert, 2009, The efficacy of preservation methods to inactivate foodborne viruses, 131, 83, 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.03.007

Vanlint, 2012, Emergence and stability of high-pressure resistance in different food-borne pathogens, 78, 3234, 10.1128/AEM.00030-12

Rousseau, 2007, Incidence and characterization of esophagitis following esophageal foreign body removal in dogs: 60 cases (1999–2003), 17, 159, 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2007.00227.x

Gianella, 2009, Oesophageal and gastric endoscopic foreign body removal: complications and follow up of 102 dogs, 50, 649, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00845.x

Frowde, 2011, Oesophageal disease in 33 cats, 13, 564, 10.1016/j.jfms.2011.04.004

Thompson, 2012, Esophageal foreign bodies in dogs: 34 cases (2004–2009), 22, 253, 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00700.x

Köhler, 2012, Dietary hyperthyroidism in dogs, 53, 182, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01189.x

Thibodeau, 2011, Presence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni in organically raised chicken in Quebec, 75, 298

Finley, 2006, Human health implications of Salmonella-contaminated natural pet treats and raw pet food, 42, 686, 10.1086/500211

Aspinall, 2002, Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in commercial meat products as monitored by polymerase chain reaction—food for thought?, 32, 1193, 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00070-X

Dorny, 2009, Emerging food-borne parasites, 163, 196, 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.026

Dubey, 2011, High prevalence and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from goats from a retail meat store, destined for human consumption in the United States, 41, 827, 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.03.006

Callaway, 2008, Gastrointestinal microbial ecology and the safety of our food supply as related to Salmonella, 86, E163, 10.2527/jas.2007-0457

Sato, 2000, Salmonella virchow infection in an infant transmitted by household dogs, 62, 767, 10.1292/jvms.62.767

Lefebvre, 2008, Evaluation of the risk of shedding salmonellae and other potential pathogens by therapy dogs fed raw diets in Ontario and Alberta, 55, 470, 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01145.x

Finley, 2007, The risk of salmonellae shedding by dogs fed Salmonella-contaminated commercial raw food diets, 48, 69

Fredricksson-Ahomaa, 2001, Transmission of Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 to pets via contaminated pork, 32, 375, 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00922.x

Jones, 2001, Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: seroprevalence and risk factors, 154, 357, 10.1093/aje/154.4.357

Jokelainen, 2012, Feline toxoplasmosis in Finland: cross-sectional epidemiological study and case series study, 24, 1115, 10.1177/1040638712461787

Opsteegh, 2012, Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats in The Netherlands, 104, 317, 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.01.003

Babcock, 2008, Legal implications of zoonoses for clinical veterinarians, 233, 1556, 10.2460/javma.233.10.1556

Weese, 2006, Survival of Salmonella Copenhagen in food bowls following contamination with experimentally inoculated raw meat: effects of time, cleaning, and disinfection, 47, 887

Baldwin, 2010, AAHA nutritional assessment guidelines for dogs and cats, 46, 285, 10.5326/0460285

Freeman, 2011, WSAVA Nutritional Assessment Guidelines, 52, 385, 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2011.01079.x