Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change

Diversity and Distributions - Tập 26 Số 8 - Trang 958-975 - 2020
Luis R. Pertierra1, Nicolás I. Segovia2,3, Daly Noll3,4, Pablo A. Martínez5, Patricio Pliscoff6, Andrés Barbosa1, Pedro Aragón1,7, Andrea Raya Rey8,9,10, Pierre Pistorius11, Philip N. Trathan12, Andrea Polanowski13, Francesco Bonadonna14, Céline Le Bohec15,16, Ke Bi17, Cynthia Y. Wang‐Claypool17, Daniel González‐Acuña18, Gisele P.M. Dantas19, Rauri C. K. Bowie17, Élie Poulin3, Juliana A. Vianna4
1Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
2Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
3Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
4Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
5PIBi‐Lab Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Sergipe São Cristóvão Brazil
6Departamento de Ecología Instituto de Geografía Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
7Facultad de Ciecias Biológicas Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
8Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CADIC‐CONICET) Ushuaia Argentina
9Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Argentina
10Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
11DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
12British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
13Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia
14CEFE UMR 5175 CNRS Université de Montpellier Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier EPHE Montpellier Cedex 5 France
15Centre Scientifique de Monaco Département de Biologie Polaire Monaco City Monaco
16Universit de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
17Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
18Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad de Concepción Chillán Santiago Chile
19PPG in Vertebrate Zoology Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Tóm tắt

AbstractAimThe conservation of biodiversity is hampered by data deficiencies, with many new species and subspecies awaiting description or reclassification. Population genomics and ecological niche modelling offer complementary new tools for uncovering functional units of phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesize that phylogenetically delineated lineages of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) distributed across Antarctica and sub‐Antarctic Islands are subject to spatially explicit ecological conditions that have limited gene flow, facilitating genetic differentiation, and thereby speciation processes.LocationAntarctica and sub‐Antarctic area.MethodsWe identify divergent lineages for gentoo penguins using ddRAD‐seq and mtDNA, and generated species distribution models (SDMs) based on terrestrial and marine parameters.ResultsAnalyses of our genomic data supports the existence of four major lineages of gentoo penguin: (i) spanning the sub‐Antarctic archipelagos north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF); (ii) Kerguelen Island; (iii) South America; and (iv) across maritime Antarctic and the Scotia Arc archipelagos. The APF, a major current system around Antarctica, acts as the most important barrier separating regional sister lineages. Our ecological analyses spanning both the terrestrial (breeding sites) and marine (feeding sites) realms recover limited niche overlap among the major lineages of gentoo penguin. We observe this pattern to correspond more closely with regional differentiation of marine conditions than to terrestrial macroenvironmental features.Main conclusionsRecognition of regional genetic lineages as discrete evolutionary entities that occupy distinct ecological niches and also differ morphologically should be considered a priority for conservation. Gentoo penguins provide a good example of how conservation policy can be directly impacted by new insights obtained through the integration of larger genomic datasets with novel approaches to ecological modelling. This is particularly pertinent to polar environments that are among the most rapidly changing environments on earth.

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Diversity and Distributions

Tập 26 Số 8

958-975

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