Correlates of weapon carrying among high school students in the United States

Adamson S Muula1, Emmanuel Rudatsikira2, Seter Siziya3
1Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
2Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, California, USA
3Department of Community Medicine, University of Zambia, School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Marsh L, McGee R, Nada-Raja S, Currey N: Adolescents' perceptions of violence and its prevention. Aust NZ J Public Health. 2007, 31: 224-229. 10.1111/j.1467-842X.2007.00052.x.

Cunningham R, Walton M, Trowbridge M, Weber J, Outman R, Benway A, Maio R: Correlates of violent behavior among adolescents presenting to an urban emergency department. J Pediatr. 2006, 149: 770-776. 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.073.

Murakami S, Rappaport N, Penn JV: An overview of juveniles and school violence. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006, 29: 725-741. 10.1016/j.psc.2006.04.006.

Mercy JA, Rosenberg ML: Preventing firearm violence in and around schools. Violence in American Schools: A New Perspective. Edited by: Elliot DS, Hamburg BA, Williams KR. 1998, New York: Cambridge University Press, 159-187.

Kingery PM, Pruitt BE, Heuberger G: A profile of rural Texas adolescents who carry handguns to school. J Sch Health. 1996, 66: 18-24.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States, 2003. 2004, Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services

Afifi TO, Cox BJ, Katz LY: The associations between health risk behaviours and suicidal ideation and attempts in a nationally representative sample of young adolescents. Can J Psychiatry. 2007, 52: 666-674.

Khoury-Kassabri M, Benbenishty R, Astor RA: The effects of school climate, socioeconomic, and cultural factors on school victimization in Israel. Soc Work Res. 2005, 29: 165-180.

Khoury-Kassabri M, Benbenishty R, Zeira A, Astor RA: The contributions of community, family, and school variables to student victimization. Am J Community Psychol. 2004, 34: 187-204. 10.1007/s10464-004-7414-4.

Rudatsikira E, Singh P, Job J, Knutsen S: Variables associated with weapon-carrying among young adolescents in Southern California. J Adolesc Health. 2007, 40: 470-473. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.12.011.

Eaton DK, Kann L, Kinchen S, Ross J, Hawkins J, Harris WA, Lowry R, McManus T, Chyen D, Shanklin S, Lim C, Grunbaum JA, Wechsler H: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance – United States, 2005. MMWR. 2006, 55: 1-108.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 2005 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Retrieved on December 6, 2007, [ http://www.cdc.gov/yrbss ]

DuRant RH, Krowchuk DP, Kreiter S, Sinal SH, Woods CR: Weapon carrying on school property among middle school students. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999, 153 (1): 21-26.

Simon TR, Richardson JL, Dent CW, Chou CP, Flay BR: Prospective psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral predictors of handgun carrying among adolescents. Am J Public Health. 1998, 88: 960-963.

Swahn MH, Bossarte RM: Gender, early alcohol use, and suicide ideation and attempts: findings from the 2005 youth risk behavior survey. J Adolesc Health. 2007, 41: 175-181. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.03.003.

Lowry R, Powell KE, Kann L, Collins JL, Kolbe LJ: Weapon-carrying, physical fighting and fight-related injury among U.S. adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 1998, 1: 122-129. 10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00020-2.

DuRant RH, Kahn J, Beckford PH, Woods ER: The association of weapon-carrying and fighting on school property and other health risk and problem behaviors among high school students. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997, 151: 360-366.

Leeb RT, Barker LE, Strine TW: The effect of childhood physical and sexual abuse on adolescent weapon carrying. J Adolesc Health. 2007, 40: 551-558. 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.01.006.

Malecki CK, Demaray MK: Carrying a weapon to school and perceptions of social support in an urban middle school. J Emot Behav Disord. 2003, 11: 169-178. 10.1177/10634266030110030401.

Sullivan TN, Farrell AD, Kliewer W: Peer victimization in early adolescence: association between physical and relational victimization and drug use, aggression, and delinquent behaviors among urban middle school students. Dev Psycholpathol. 2006, 18 (1): 119-137.

Crick NR, Bigbee MA, Howes C: Gender differences in children's normative beliefs about aggression: how do I hurt thee? Let me count the ways. Child Dev. 1996, 67: 1003-1014. 10.2307/1131876.

Prinstein MJ, Boergers J, Vernberg EM: Overt and relational aggression in adolescence: social-psychological adjustment in aggressors and victims. J Clin Child Psychol. 2001, 30: 479-491. 10.1207/S15374424JCCP3004_05.

Dowdell EB: The relationship between health risk behaviors and fear in one urban seventh grade class. J Pediatr Nurs. 2003, 18: 187-194. 10.1053/jpdn.2003.37.

Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Bieler GS: SUDAAN User's Manual, Release 7.5. 1997, Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute

Demnati A, Rao JNK: Linearization variance estimators for survey data. Statistics Canada. 2004, 3: 17-26. Retrieved 3 June, 2008, [ http://www.statcan.ca/english/ads/12-001-XIE/12-001-XIE20040016991.pdf ]

Bailey SL, Flewelling RL, Rosenbaum DP: Characteristics of students who bring weapons to school. J Adolesc Health. 1997, 97 (4): 1-270.

Siziya S, Muula AS, Kazembe LN, Rudatsikira E: Harmful lifestyles' clustering among sexually active in-school adolescents in Zambia. BMC Pediatr. 2008, 8: 6-10.1186/1471-2431-8-6.

Rudatsikira E, Dondog J, Siziya S, Muula AS: Prevalence and determinants of adolescent cigarette smoking in Mongolia. Singapore Med J. 2008, 49: 57-62.

Kuzman M, Simetin IP, Franeliæ IP: Early sexual intercourse and risk factors in Croatian adolescents. Coll Antropol. 2007, 31 (Suppl 2): 121-130.

Simon TR, Dent CW, Sussman S: Vulnerability to victimization, concurrent problem behaviors, and peer influence as predictors of in-school weapon carrying among high school students. Violence Vict. 1997, 12: 277-289.

Arria A, Borges G, Anthony JC: Fears and other suspected risk factors for carrying lethal weapons among urban youths of middle-school age. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997, 151: 555-560.

Arria A, Borges G, Anthony JC: Fears and other suspected risk factors for carrying lethal weapons among urban youths of middle-school age. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1997, 151: 555-560.

McNabb SJ, Farley TA, Powell KE, Rolka HR, Horan JM: Correlates of gun-carrying among adolescents in south Louisiana. Am J Prev Med. 1996, 12: 96-102.

Duster T: Race and reification in science. Science. 2005, 307: 1050-1051. 10.1126/science.1110303.

Hinds DA, Stuve LL, Nilsen GB, Halperin E, Eskin E, Ballinger DG, Frazer KA, Cox DR: Whole-genome patterns of common DNA variation in three human populations. Science. 2005, 307: 1072-1079. 10.1126/science.1105436.

Holden C: Race and medicine. Science. 2003, 302: 594-596. 10.1126/science.302.5645.594.

Bloche MG: Race-based therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2004, 351: 2035-2037. 10.1056/NEJMp048271.

Cooper RS, Kaufman JS, Ward R: Race and genomics. N Engl J Med. 2003, 248: 1166-1170. 10.1056/NEJMsb022863.

Kaplan JB, Bennett T: Use of race and ethnicity in biomedical publication. JAMA. 2003, 289: 2709-2716. 10.1001/jama.289.20.2709.

Taylor TJ, Esbensen FA, Peterson D, Freng A: Putting youth violent victimization into context: sex, race/ethnicity, and community differences among a multisite sample of youths. Violence Vict. 2007, 22: 702-720. 10.1891/088667007782793129.

Melzer-Lange MD, Van Thatcher CD, Liu J, Zhu S: Urban community characteristics and adolescent assault victims. WMJ. 2007, 106: 394-396.

Molnar BE, Cerda M, Roberts AL, Buka SL: Effects of neighborhood resources on aggressive and delinquent behaviors among urban youths. Am J Public Health. 2008, 98: 1086-1093. 10.2105/AJPH.2006.098913.

Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Piotrowski ZH, Pickett KE: Neighborhood economic disadvantage, violent crime, group density, and pregnancy outcomes in a diverse, urban population. Soc Sci Med. 2007, 65: 2440-2457. 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.014.

Krieger N: Stormy weather: race, gene expression, and the science of health disparities. Am J Public Health. 2005, 95: 2155-2160. 10.2105/AJPH.2005.067108.

Kaufman JS, Cooper RS: Race in epidemiology: new tools, old problems. Ann Epidemiol. 2008, 18: 119-123. 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.09.002.

Kaufman JS, Cooper RS: Commentary: considerations for use of racial/ethnic classification in etiologic research. Am J Epidemiol. 2001, 154: 291-298. 10.1093/aje/154.4.291.

Lemaire J: The effect of firearm deaths on life expectancy and insurance premiums in the United States. LDI Issue Brief. 2005, 11: 1-4.

Guileyardo JM, Carmody TJ, Lene WJ, Stone IC: Racial and ethnic patterns in firearms deaths. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 1994, 15: 328-330.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Firearm-related years of potential life lost before age 65 years – United States, 1980–1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994, 43: 609-611.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Influence of homicide on racial disparity in life expectancy – United States, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2001, 0 (36): 780-783.

Blake CS, Hamrin V: Current approaches to the assessment and management of anger and aggression in youth: a review. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2007, 20: 209-221. 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2007.00102.x.

Holmberg LI, Hellberg D: Health, health-compromising behavior, risk-taking behavior and sexuality in female and male high school students in vocational compared with theoretical programs in Sweden. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2007, 19: 459-472.

Kim YS, Koh YJ, Leventhal B: School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. Pediatrics. 2005, 115: 357-363. 10.1542/peds.2004-0902.

Saner H, Ellickson P: Concurrent risk factors for adolescent violence. J Adolesc Health. 1996, 19: 94-103. 10.1016/1054-139X(96)00131-0.

Kshirsagar VY, Agarwal R, Bavdekar SB: Bullying in schools: prevalence and short-term impact. Indian Pediatr. 2007, 44: 25-28.

Park HS, Schepp KG, Jang EH, Koo HY: Predictors of suicidal ideation among high school students by gender in South Korea. J Sch Health. 2006, 76: 181-188. 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00092.x.

Greenland S, Pearl J, Robins JM: Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research. Epidemiology. 1999, 10: 38-48. 10.1097/00001648-199901000-00008.

Greenland S, Rothman KJ: Measures of effect and measures of association. Modern Epidemiology. Edited by: Rothman KJ, Greenland S. 1998, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven, 48-66. 2

Kaufman JS, Cooper RS: Seeking causal explanations in social epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 1999, 150: 113-120.

Rothman KJ: Causes. Am J Epidemiol. 1976, 104: 587-592.