Correcting errors in eye-position data arising from the distortion of magnetic fields by display devices
Tóm tắt
Eye-position recordings have been used to produce detailed information about sampling and search behavior. The melding of magnetic head-tracking technology with eye-tracking systems has allowed for freer head movement, but not without problems. Although the requisite calibrations made before and after a reading might indicate good eye-tracking accuracy, point-of-gaze errors can occur if the reader leans toward a display, such as a film alternator. The error results from the characteristic that large metal masses can distort magnetic fields, leading to false magnetic sensor data. Corrections for this type of error have involved mapping the exact location and orientation of the magnetic sensor in the magnetic field by using a precision positioning device. We have devised a much cheaper method that relies on a fixture that holds the magnetic sensor in identical positions, with and without the distorting effect.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Berbaum, K. S., Franken, E. A., Jr.,Dorfman, D. D., Miller, E. M., Caldwell, R. T., Kuehn, D. M., &Berbaum, M. L. (1998). Role of faulty visual search in the satisfaction of search in chest radiography.Academic Radiology,5, 9–19.
Berbaum, K. S., Franken, E. A., Jr.,Dorfman, D. D., Miller, E. M., Krupinski, E. A., Kreinbring, K., Caldwell, R. T., &Lu, C. H. (1996). Cause of satisfaction of search effects in contrast studies of the abdomen.Academic Radiology,3, 815–826.
Carmody, D. P., Nodine, C. F., &Kundel, H. L. (1981). Finding lung nodules with and without comparative visual scanning.Perception & Psychophysics,29, 594–598.
Krupinski, E. A. (1996). Visual scanning patterns of radiologists searching mammograms.Academic Radiology,3, 137–144.
Krupinski, E. A., Nodine, C. F., &Kundel, H. L. (1998). Enhancing recognition of lesions in radiographic images using perceptual feedback.Optical Engineering,37, 813–818.
Kundel, H. L., Nodine, C. F., &Carmody, D. P. (1978). Visual scanning, pattern recognition and decision making in pulmonary nodule detection.Investigative Radiology,13, 175–181.
Kundel, H. L., Nodine, C. F., &Krupinski, E. A. (1989). Searching for lung nodules: Visual dwell indicates locations of false-positive and false-negative decisions.Investigative Radiology,24, 472–478.
Kundel, H. L., Nodine, C. F., &Krupinski, E. A. (1990). Computerdisplayed eye position as a visual aid to pulmonary tumor interpretation.Investigative Radiology,25, 890–896.
Mulligan, J. B. (1997). Image processing for improved eye-tracking accuracy.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers,29, 54–65.
Nodine, C. F., &Kundel, H. L. (1987). Using eye movements to study visual search and to improve tumor detection.RadioGraphics,7, 1241–1250.
Nodine, C. F., Kundel, H. L., Toto, L. C., &Krupinski, E. A. (1992). Recording and analyzing eye-position data using a microcomputer workstation.Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers,24, 475–485.
Slabaugh, G. G. (1999). Computing Euler angles from a rotation matrix. Retrieved on August 6, 2000 from http://users.ece.gatech.edu/ ~slabaugh/personal/research/euler/euler.pdf.