Coping Self-Efficacy Perceptions as a Mediator Between Acute Stress Response and Long-Term Distress Following Natural Disasters

Journal of Traumatic Stress - Tập 15 - Trang 177-186 - 2002
Charles C. Benight1, Michelle L. Harper1
1Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs

Tóm tắt

The mediating effect of coping self-efficacy (CSE) perceptions between acute stress responses (ASR) and 1-year distress following two disasters was tested. Between 3 and 8 weeks after the second disaster and again at 1 year, 46 residents completed questionnaires. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and global distress served as outcomes. Multiple regression demonstrated that ASR and Time 1 CSE were significant predictors of both Time 1 outcomes. Time 1 PTSD symptoms and Time 2 CSE were significant factors for Time 2 PTSD symptoms. Gender was significant for Time 2 PTSD symptoms, but not for Time 2 global distress. Longitudinally, Time 1 CSE predicted Time 2 PTSD symptoms, but not general distress. CSE mediated between ASR and both psychological outcomes at Time 2. Coping self-efficacy perceptions provide a possible intervention target.

Tài liệu tham khảo

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy and agency of change. New York: Raven Press. Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 173–182. Baum, A., Cohen, L., & Hall, M. (l993). Control and intrusive memories as a possible determinants of chronic stress. Psychological Medicine, 55, 274–286. Benight, C., Antoni, M., Kilbourn, K., Ironson, G., Fletcher, M., Redwine, L., Baum, A., & Schneiderman, N. (1997). Coping self-efficacy buffers psychological and physiological disturbances in HIV-infected men following a natural disaster. Health Psychology, 16, 248–255. Benight, C. C., Freyaldenhoven, R., Hughes, J., Ruiz, J. M., Zoesche, T. A., & Lovallo, W. (2000). Coping self-efficacy and psychological distress following the Oklahoma City Bombing: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30, 1331–1344. Benight, C., Ironson, G., & Durham, B. (1999). Psychometric properties of a hurricane coping self-efficacy measure. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 12, 379–386 Benight, C., Ironson, G., Klebe, K., Carver, C., Wynings, C., Burnett, K., Greenwood, D., Baum, A., & Schneiderman, N. (1999). Coping self-efficacy as a predictor of psychological distress following a natural disaster: A causal model analysis. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 12, 107–126. Benight, C., Swift, E., Sanger, J., Smith, A., & Zeppelin, D. (1999). Coping self-efficacy as a mediator of distress following a natural disaster. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 2443–2464. Bremner, J. D., Southwick, S., Brett, E., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & Charney, D. S. (1992). Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 328–332. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., Rose, S., & Kirk, M. (1999). Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violent crime. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 360–366. Bryant, R. A., & Harvey, A. G. (1998). Relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder following mild traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 625–629. Classen, C., Koopman, C., Hales, R., & Spiegel, D. (1998). Acute stress disorder as a predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 620–624. Classen, C., Koopman, C., & Spiegel, D. (1993). Trauma and dissociation. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 57, 178–195. Derogatis, L. R. (1983). The SCL-90–R Manual: Scoring, administration, and procedures for the SCL-90–R. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13, 595–605. Epstein, R. S., Fullerton, C. S., & Ursano, R. J. (1998). Posttraumatic stress disorder following an air disaster: A prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 934–938. Foa, E. B., & Hearst-Ikeda, D. (1996). Emotional dissociation in response to trauma: An information-processing approach. In L. K. Michelson & W. J. Ray (ntEds.), Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical and clinical perspectives (pp. 207–222.) New York: Plenum. Freedman, S. A., Brandes, D., Peri, T., & Shalev, A. (1999). Predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 353–359. Griffin, M. G., Resick, P. A., & Mechanic, M. B. (1997). Objective assessment of peritraumatic dissociation: Psychophysiological indicators. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1081–1088. Harvey, A. G., & Bryant, R. A. (1998). The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective evaluation of motor vehicle accident survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 507–512. Horowitz, M. J., Field, N. P., & Classen, C. C. (1993). Stress response syndromes and their treatment. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (ntEds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects (pp. 757–773.) New York: The Free Press. Horowitz, M. J., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of event scale: A measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41, 209–218. Koopman, C., Classen, C., Cardena, E., & Spiegel, D. (1995). When disaster strikes, acute stress disorder may follow. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 29–46. Koren, D., Arnon, I., & Klein, E. (1999). Acute stress response and posttraumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims: A one-year prospective, follow-up study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 367–373. Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., & Metzler, T. (1998). Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder. In J. D. Bremner & C. R. Marmar (ntEds.), Trauma, memory, and dissociation. Progress in psychiatry (pp. 229–247.) Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Metzler, T. J., & Delucchi, K. (1996). Characteristics of emergency services personnel related to peritraumatic dissociation during critical incident exposure. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 94–102. Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Metzler, T. J., Delucchi, K. L., Best, S. R., & Wentworth, K. A. (1999). Longitudinal course and predictors of continuing distress following critical incident exposure in emergency services personnel. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 187, 15–22. Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Metzler, T. J., Ronfeldt, H. M., & Foreman, C. (1996). Stress response of emergency services personnel to the Loma Prieta earthquake interstate 880 freeway collapse and control traumatic incidents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 63–85. Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Schlenger, W. E., Fairbank, H. A., Jordan, K., Kulka, R. A., & Hough, R. L. (1994). Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress in male Vietnam theater veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 902–907. McFarlane, A. C. (1989). The aetiology of post-traumatic morbidity: Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 221–228. Milton, S. (1986). A sample size formula for multiple regression studies. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 112–118. Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., Borkovec, T. D., & Litz, B. T. (1998). Emotional response at the time of a potentially traumatizing event and PTSD symptomology: A preliminary retrospective analysis of the DSM-IV Criterion A-2. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 29, 123–130. Shalev, A. Y. (1996). Stress versus traumatic stress: From acute homeostatic reactions to chronic psychopathology. In B. A. van der Kolk, A. C. McFarlane, & L. Weisaeth (ntEds.), Traumatic stress: The effects of overwhelming experience on mind, body, and society (pp. 77–101.) New York, NY: Guilford Press. Shalev, A. Y., Freedman, S., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Sahar, T., Orr, S. P., & Pitman, R. K. (1998). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 630–637. Shalev, A. Y., Peri, T., Canetti, L., & Schreiber, S. (1996). Predictors of PTSD in injured trauma survivors: A prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 219–225. Solomon, Z., Benbenishty, R., & Mikulincer, M. (199l). The contribution of wartime, pre-war, and post-war factors on self-efficacy: A longitudinal study of combat stress reaction. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 4, 345–361. Solomon, Z., Weisenberg, M., Schwarzwald, J., & Mikulincer, M. (1988). Combat stress reaction and posttraumatic stress disorder as determinants of perceived self-efficacy in battle. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 356–370. Spiegel, D., & Cardena, E. (1991). Disintegrated experience: The dissociative disorders revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychiatry, 147, 76–82. Spiegel, D., Koopman, C., Cardena, E., & Classen, C. (1996). Dissociative symptoms in the diagnosis of acute stress disorder. In L. K. Michelson & W. J. Ray (ntEds.), Handbook of dissociation: Theoretical, empirical, and clinical perspectives (pp. 367–380.) New York: Plenum. Staab, J. P., Grieger, T. A., Fullerton, C. S., & Ursano, R. J. (1996). Acute stress disorder, subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after a series of typhoons. Anxiety, 2, 219–225. Tichenor, V., Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Metzler, T. J., & Ronfeldt, H. M. (1996). The relationship of peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: Findings in female Vietnam theater veterans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1054–1059. Ursano, R. J., Fullerton, C. S., Epstein, R. S., Crowley, B., Vance, K., Kao, T., & Baum, A. (1999). Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1808–1810. Weiss, D. S., Marmar, C. R., Metzler, T. J., & Ronfeldt, H. M. (1995). Predicting symptomatic distress in emergency services personnel. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 361–368.