Xung đột và Mơ hồ: Khai thác khoáng sản và các khả năng phát triển

Development and Change - Tập 39 Số 6 - Trang 887-914 - 2008
Anthony Bebbington1, Leonith Hinojosa2, Denise Humphreys Bebbington3, María Luisa Burneo4, Ximena Warnaars5
1is Professor of Nature, Society and Development in IDPM, University of Manchester (Humanities Bridgeford Street Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK), an ESRC Professorial Fellow, and member/research affiliate of the Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales, Peru. Recent books include Can NGOs Make A Difference? (Zed, 2008, with D. Mitlin and S. Hickey) and Minería, movimientos sociales y respuestas campesinas (Mining, Social Movements and Peasant Responses) (IEP/CEPES, 2007).
2is Research and Teaching Fellow in the School of Environment and Development at the University of Manchester, and was formerly Executive Director of COINCIDE and a Researcher in the Centro Bartolomé de las Casas, both in Cusco, Peru.
3was formerly Latin American Co-ordinator with Global Greengrants Fund, and the representative to Peru for the InterAmerican Foundation, and is conducting doctoral research at the University of Manchester on conflicts over natural gas in Bolivia.
4is a member of the Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales and Servicios Educativos Rurales, both in Peru, and has formerly worked with Propuesta Ciudadana and Cipca on land, territory and decentralization.
5is conducting doctoral research at the University of Manchester on social movements and mining conflicts in Ecuador, and has worked for Cooperacción in Peru.

Tóm tắt

TÓM TẮT

Trong hơn một thập kỷ qua, hoạt động khai thác khoáng sản đã có sự phát triển mạnh mẽ tại nhiều quốc gia đang phát triển. Bài viết này xem xét những xu hướng gần đây và mô tả các cuộc tranh luận cũng như xung đột mà chúng đã gây ra. Tác giả đánh giá bằng chứng liên quan đến các cuộc tranh luận về lời nguyền tài nguyên và khả năng của một con đường phát triển dẫn dắt bởi khai thác tài nguyên. Từ đó, họ mô tả các loại kháng cự và sự di động xã hội khác nhau đã xuất hiện đối với sự mở rộng khoáng sản ở nhiều quy mô địa lý, và xem xét mức độ mà những cuộc biểu tình này đã thay đổi mối quan hệ giữa khai thác khoáng sản và thay đổi kinh tế chính trị. Những kết luận đề cập đến mức độ những cuộc biểu tình này có thể góp phần vào việc ‘thoát khỏi’ lời nguyền tài nguyên, và cân nhắc các tác động đối với nghiên cứu và các chương trình chính sách.

Từ khóa

#khai thác khoáng sản #phát triển #tranh luận #xung đột #lời nguyền tài nguyên #kháng cự xã hội

Tài liệu tham khảo

Acción Ecológica, 2007, A Post‐Oil Ecuador must not become a Mining Ecuador'

Arellano‐Yanguas J.(2008) ‘A Thoroughly Modern Resource Curse? The New Natural Resource Policy Agenda and the Mining Revival in Peru’. IDS Working Paper 300. Brighton :Institute of Development Studies University of Sussex.

10.1177/0022002707307120

10.4324/9780203422595

Auty R., 2001, Resource Abundance and Economic Development

Auty R., 2008, From Mining Enclave to Economic Catalyst: Large Mineral Projects in Developing Countries, Brown Journal of World Affairs, 13, 135

Auty R., 2001, Resource Abundance and Economic Development, 126

BBC(2006) ‘Los 10 lugares más contaminados' (‘The World's 10 Most Polluted Places’). BBC World Service 19 October.http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/science/newsid_6065000/6065816.stm

Bebbington A., 2007, Minería, Movimientos Sociales y Respuestas Campesinas. Una Ecología Política de Transformaciones Territoriales

Bebbington A., 2008, Pobreza, Desigualdad y Desarrollo en el Peru. Informe Anual: 2007–8 (Poverty, Inequality and Development in Peru: Annual Report: 2007–8), 44

Bebbington A., 2007, Mining and Development in Peru: With Special Reference to the Rio Blanco Project, Piura

Bebbington A., 2008, Mining and Social Movements: Struggles over Livelihood and Rural Territorial Development in the Andes, World Development, 36

Blacksmith Institute(2007) ‘World's Worst Polluted Places 2007’.http://www.blacksmithinstitute.org/ten.php

Boix C., 2008, Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps, 217

10.1111/j.0033-0124.2004.05603009.x

10.1146/annurev.energy.28.011503.163434

10.1126/science.1154539

10.1068/a371

10.1080/14041040310019129

10.1080/14041040600575813

Campbell B.(2008) ‘Reform Processes in Africa: Issues and Trends.Presentation to the 2ndInternational Study Group Meeting Economic Commission for Africa Addis Ababa (19–21 May).

Cardiff S.andP.Sampat(2007) ‘Minería a Nivel Global’ (‘Global Mining’).Paper presented at the conference ‘Minería y Comunidades’ Flacso Quito (21–22 November).

Castree N., 2001, Social Nature: Theory, Practice and Politics

10.1016/S0301-4207(98)00014-2

10.1093/oep/gpf064

10.1177/0022002705277551

Crabtree J.(2008) ‘Social Movements and Political Parties: Comparisons from Peru and Bolivia.Presentation to the seminar on Territory Conflicts and Development St Antony's College Oxford (2 May).

10.1016/0305-750X(95)00071-J

Davis G.A.andJ.E.Tilton(2002) ‘Should Developing Countries Renounce Mining? A Perspective on the Debate’. Report prepared for the International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM). London :ICMM.

10.1080/07388940701468468

de Echave J.(2007) ‘La Minería en el Perú: Entre la Transformación de los Conflictos y el Desafío Programático(‘Mining in Peru: Between Conflict Transformation and Strategic Challenges’).Presentation to the seminar on Territory Conflicts and Development University of Manchester (22 October 2007).

Escobar A., 1995, Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World

10.1215/9780822387640

10.1017/S1355770X02000153

10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00431.x

10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68363-3

10.1111/1475-682X.00034

10.1080/01436599814343

Galeano E., 1973, Open Veins of Latin America, 10.14452/MR-025-04-1973-08_3

10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.10.014

Harvey D., 2005, The New Imperialism

10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.09.003

10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.09.001

HinojosaV.L. A.Bebbington A.BarrientosandA.Addison(2008) ‘Social Policy and State Revenues in Mineral‐Rich Contexts.Paper prepared for UNRISD Geneva. Manchester.http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/research/andes/publications/reports/

10.1111/j.1541-0064.2007.00193.x

Humphreys M., 2007, Escaping the Resource Curse

ICMM, 2006, Resource Endowment Initiative: Synthesis of Four Country Case Studies

10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.10.004

10.1525/9780520918696

Karl T.L., 2007, Escaping the Resource Curse, 256

Keck M., 1998, Activists beyond Borders. Advocacy Networks in International Politics

Kirsch S., 2006, Reverse Anthropology. Indigenous Analysis of Social and Environmental Relations in New Guinea, 10.1515/9781503625747

Leith D., 2003, The Politics of Power: Freeport in Suharto's Indonesia, 10.1515/9780824844417

Martinez‐Alier J., 2007, Keep Oil in the Ground: Yasuni in Ecuador, Economic and Political Weekly, 42, 4227

10.1016/S0301-4207(97)00036-6

MMSD, 2002, Breaking New Ground: Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development. Report of the MMSD Project

Nash J., 1979, We Eat the Mines and the Mines Eat Us. Dependency and Exploitation in Bolivian Tin Mines

Newmont(2005) ‘2005 Information Handbook’.http://www.newmont.com/en/operations/sthamerica/yanacocha/social/index.asp

Orian E.(2008) ‘The Transfer of Environmental Technology as a Tool for Empowering Communities in Conflict.’Masters Thesis University of Manchester.http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/research/andes/publications/theses/

O'Shaughnessy H.(2007) ‘Poisoned City Fights to Save its Children’ The Observer12 August.

10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.006

Peluso N., 2001, Violent Environments

PriceWaterhouseCoopers(2007) ‘Mine: Riding the Wave. Metals and Mining Review of Global Trends in the Mining Industry 2007’. London :PriceWaterhouseCoopers.

PriceWaterhouseCoopers(2008) ‘Mine: As Good as it Gets? Review of Global Trends in the Mining Industry 2007’. London :PriceWaterhouseCoopers.

Ross M., 2001, Extractive Sectors and the Poor: An Oxfam America Report

Ross M., 2008, Institutional Pathways to Equity: Addressing Inequality Traps, 193

Rosser A., Financing Social Policy: Mobilizing Resources for Social Development

Sachs J.andA.Warner(1995) ‘Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth’. NBER Working Paper Series No 5398. Cambridge MA :National Bureau of Economic Research.

10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.03.004

Shnayerson M.(2003) ‘Devastating Luxury. (Controversy over Hampton's Estate of Renco Group's Ira Rennert)’ Vanity Fair1 July.

Stiglitz J., 2007, Escaping the Resource Curse, 23

10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.005

10.1023/A:1016554512521

Thorp R.(2008) ‘Impacto minero y pobreza’ (‘Poverty and the Impacts of Mining’) El Comercio18 February.

Tsing A., 2004, Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connections

UNCTAD, 2007, World Investment Report 2007: Transnational Corporations, Extractive Industries and Development

War on Want, 2007, Fanning the Flames. The Role of British Mining Companies in Conflict and the Violation of Human Rights

Weber‐Fahr M., 2002, Treasure or Trouble? Mining in Developing Countries

World Bank(2004) ‘Striking a Better Balance: The World Bank Group and Extractive Industries. The Final Report of the Extractive Industries Review. World Bank Group Management Response’. Washington DC :The World Bank.

World Bank(2005) ‘Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development. An Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience’. Washington DC :The World Bank IFC MIGA.

WRI, 2003, Mining and Critical Ecosystems: Mapping the Risks

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Development and Change

Tập 39 Số 6

887-914

Thông tin tác giả