Contemporary ocean warming and freshwater conditions are related to later sea age at maturity in Atlantic salmon spawning in Norwegian rivers

Ecology and Evolution - Tập 2 Số 9 - Trang 2192-2203 - 2012
Jaime Otero1, Arne J. Jensen2, Jan Henning L'Abée‐Lund3, Nils Chr. Stenseth1,4, Geir Storvik1,5, Leif Asbjørn Vøllestad1
1Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
2Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P. O. Box 5685, Sluppen, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway
3Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, P.O. Box 5091 Majorstua, N-0301 Oslo, Norway
4Institute of Marine Research Flødevigen Marine Research Station N‐4817 His Norway
5Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway

Tóm tắt

AbstractAtlantic salmon populations are reported to be declining throughout its range, raising major management concerns. Variation in adult fish abundance may be due to variation in survival, growth, and timing of life history decisions. Given the complex life history, utilizing highly divergent habitats, the reasons for declines may be multiple and difficult to disentangle. Using recreational angling data of two sea age groups, one‐sea‐winter (1SW) and two‐sea‐winter (2SW) fish originated from the same smolt year class, we show that sea age at maturity of the returns has increased in 59 Norwegian rivers over the cohorts 1991–2005. By means of linear mixed‐effects models we found that the proportion of 1SW fish spawning in Norway has decreased concomitant with the increasing sea surface temperature experienced by the fish in autumn during their first year at sea. Furthermore, the decrease in the proportion of 1SW fish was influenced by freshwater conditions as measured by water discharge during summer months 1 year ahead of seaward migration. These results suggest that part of the variability in age at maturity can be explained by the large‐scale changes occurring in the north‐eastern Atlantic pelagic food web affecting postsmolt growth, and by differences in river conditions influencing presmolt growth rate and later upstream migration.

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Ecology and Evolution

Tập 2 Số 9

2192-2203

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