Ô nhiễm nước mặt và nước ngầm ở nông thôn bởi endosulfan ở những vùng canh tác của Western Cape, Nam Phi

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 2 - Trang 1-15 - 2003
Mohamed A Dalvie1, Eugene Cairncross2, Abdullah Solomon2, Leslie London1
1Occupational and Environmental Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, South Africa
2Department of Physical Science, Peninsula Technicon, Bellville, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Tại Nam Phi, có rất ít dữ liệu về ô nhiễm môi trường của các nguồn nước nông thôn do hóa chất nông nghiệp. Nghiên cứu này đã điều tra ô nhiễm thuốc trừ sâu ở nước ngầm và nước mặt tại ba khu vực nông nghiệp chuyên canh ở Western Cape: thung lũng Hex River, Grabouw và Piketberg. Việc giám sát endosulfan và chlorpyrifos ở mức thấp đã được thực hiện, cũng như việc sàng lọc các thuốc trừ sâu khác. Giới hạn xác định cho endosulfan là 0,1 μg/L. Endosulfan được phát hiện là phổ biến trong nước ngầm, nước mặt và nước uống. Mức độ ô nhiễm chủ yếu ở mức thấp, nhưng thường xuyên vượt quá tiêu chuẩn nước uống của châu Âu là 0,1 μg/L. Hai địa điểm ô nhiễm nhất là một cống ngầm ở thung lũng Hex River và một hồ chứa ở Grabouw, với mức trung bình endosulfan lần lượt là 0,83 ± 1,0 μg/L (n = 21) và 3,16 ± 3,5 μg/L (n = 13). Các thuốc trừ sâu khác như chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl, fenarimol, iprodione, deltamethrin, penconazole và prothiofos cũng đã được phát hiện. Endosulfan được phát hiện nhiều nhất ở Grabouw (69%), tiếp theo là Hex River (46%) và Piketberg (39%). Tần suất phát hiện cao hơn ở nước mặt (47%) so với nước ngầm (32%) và trùng hợp với việc tưới nước, và ở mức độ thấp hơn, là việc phun thuốc và những cơn mưa kích hoạt. Tổng lượng endosulfan tiêu thụ qua đường ăn uống được tính toán từ mức độ tìm thấy trong nước uống không vượt quá tiêu chí của Cuộc họp chung WHO/FAO về dư lượng thuốc trừ sâu (JMPR). Nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra sự cần thiết phải giám sát ô nhiễm thuốc trừ sâu ở nước mặt và nước ngầm, cũng như phát triển các tiêu chuẩn chất lượng nước uống cho các thuốc trừ sâu cụ thể ở Nam Phi.

Từ khóa

#Ô nhiễm nước #thuốc trừ sâu #endosulfan #nước ngầm #nước mặt #Nam Phi

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